AWhat changed
Yamamoto extended the Bloch argument against spontaneous ground-state particle currents using the conserved U(1) vector current and a spatial phase variation. This formulation covers relativistic as well as nonrelativistic settings and clarifies why a homogeneous chiral magnetic transport current cannot be an equilibrium ground-state current in the thermodynamic limit. The paper contrasts this with a maintained chiral imbalance that supports a nonequilibrium current, and with an axial current that can represent spin polarization rather than forbidden vector transport.
Scientific scope
Yamamoto extended the Bloch argument against spontaneous ground-state particle currents using the conserved U(1) vector current and a spatial phase variation. This formulation covers relativistic as well as nonrelativistic settings and clarifies why a homogeneous chiral magnetic transport current cannot be an equilibrium ground-state current in the thermodynamic limit. The paper contrasts this with a maintained chiral imbalance that supports a nonequilibrium current, and with an axial current that can represent spin polarization rather than forbidden vector transport. The argument concerns the conserved vector charge, admissible phase-twisted states and controlled energy expansions in the stated thermodynamic geometry. It does not forbid all local magnetization currents, finite-ring persistent currents, metastable supercurrents or nonequilibrium transport. Axial currents are outside this vector-gauge argument. The paper treats zero temperature; a general finite-temperature extension is proposed rather than proved here. Its time-crystal application covers persistent-current proposals, and its finite-size caveat prevents a blanket exclusion of the chiral vortical effect.
Evidence
The linked original works support the scoped statement and contribution attribution. WRS has not independently replayed experiments or reconstructed a full mathematical proof. The argument concerns the conserved vector charge, admissible phase-twisted states and controlled energy expansions in the stated thermodynamic geometry. It does not forbid all local magnetization currents, finite-ring persistent currents, metastable supercurrents or nonequilibrium transport. Axial currents are outside this vector-gauge argument. The paper treats zero temperature; a general finite-temperature extension is proposed rather than proved here. Its time-crystal application covers persistent-current proposals, and its finite-size caveat prevents a blanket exclusion of the chiral vortical effect.
Contributors
- The named authors in the research record · SCIENCE: These are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged.
Provisional WRS assessment, edition 2026-10-28.1. Independent expert calibration is pending. This grade does not certify correctness or assign ownership.
Full scientific record · Browse contribution grades · Request a correction