Bland and Altman: assessing agreement between clinical measurement methods

What changed

Agreement became assessable by bias and spread of paired differences rather than association alone.

Scientific scope

Exact 1986 two-author method paper; later extensions and all clinical device validations excluded.

Evidence

The linked sources identify this contribution and its scope. WRS has not independently reconstructed the scientific claims. The record is the exact two-author 1986 Lancet paper and its method-comparison analysis. The illustrative peak-flow data were not a representative clinical validation, and later extensions and terminology remain separate.

Contributors

• J. Martin Bland · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.
• Douglas G. Altman · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.

• Bland and Altman, Statistical methods for assessing agreement
• Crossref record for Bland and Altman 1986

Provisional WRS assessment, edition 2026-10-16.1. Independent expert calibration is pending. This grade does not certify correctness or assign ownership.

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