What is recorded here?
Characterized direct-manipulation interfaces through continuous representation, physical actions and rapid incremental reversible operations, relating these features to interactive-system design.
Source-linked catalogue note. A detailed explanatory guide has not yet been prepared for this entry.
Scientific scope
The record is Shneiderman's sole-author 1983 IEEE Computer article. It is a design framework and synthesis rather than a universal usability law, and it does not absorb the systems, interface techniques or earlier demonstrations discussed in the article.
Read the original work
- Ben Shneiderman publication record for direct manipulation
- University-hosted full text of direct-manipulation article
This English explanation is an editorial reading view. It does not replace the complete original work or certify its science.
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People and systems
Ben Shneiderman
The named authors contributed to this scoped work; individual effort shares and later applications are not assigned by the byline.
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Documented countries / regions: United States
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English catalogue narrative
Shneiderman: direct manipulation beyond programming languages
Characterized direct-manipulation interfaces through continuous representation, physical actions and rapid incremental reversible operations, relating these features to interactive-system design.
Scientific scope
The record is Shneiderman's sole-author 1983 IEEE Computer article. It is a design framework and synthesis rather than a universal usability law, and it does not absorb the systems, interface techniques or earlier demonstrations discussed in the article.
Reading status
This is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.
People and systems
Ben Shneiderman
The named authors contributed to this scoped work; individual effort shares and later applications are not assigned by the byline.