What is recorded here?
Rayfield and Schoepe introduced a tunneling interpretation of their earlier measured electron escape from liquid helium in 1971, fitting temperature-dependent trapping data to infer bubble-state properties. In a detailed 1973 study they measured temperature and electric-field dependences in helium-3, helium-4 and mixtures. Their semiclassical model described the reported pure-liquid trends while the mixture results remained anomalous.
Source-linked catalogue note. A detailed explanatory guide has not yet been prepared for this entry.
Scientific scope
The measured observable is a decaying surface current, while tunneling, binding energies and radii are model interpretations. The model assumes a spherical bubble, a planar surface, an approximate potential and thermal equilibration. The 1971 estimate for the helium-4 radius (12.9 Å) was affected by a numerical error identified in the 1973 paper, whose revised 24.8 Å remained substantially larger than other estimates. The relative scaling agreed with a simple model; the mixture results were not explained. This extends earlier bubble and surface-escape experiments, not discovery of the bubble itself. The two papers reverse author order.
Read the original work
- Tunneling from Electronic Bubble States in Liquid Helium through the Liquid-Vapor Interface
- Tunneling from electronic bubble states through the liquid-vapor interface of He II
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People and systems
W. Schoepe; G. W. Rayfield
These are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged.
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English catalogue narrative
Electron escape from liquid-helium bubble states at a free surface
Rayfield and Schoepe introduced a tunneling interpretation of their earlier measured electron escape from liquid helium in 1971, fitting temperature-dependent trapping data to infer bubble-state properties. In a detailed 1973 study they measured temperature and electric-field dependences in helium-3, helium-4 and mixtures. Their semiclassical model described the reported pure-liquid trends while the mixture results remained anomalous.
Scientific scope
The measured observable is a decaying surface current, while tunneling, binding energies and radii are model interpretations. The model assumes a spherical bubble, a planar surface, an approximate potential and thermal equilibration. The 1971 estimate for the helium-4 radius (12.9 Å) was affected by a numerical error identified in the 1973 paper, whose revised 24.8 Å remained substantially larger than other estimates. The relative scaling agreed with a simple model; the mixture results were not explained. This extends earlier bubble and surface-escape experiments, not discovery of the bubble itself. The two papers reverse author order.
Reading status
This is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.
People and systems
W. Schoepe; G. W. Rayfield
These are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged.