Integrated pest control: combining natural enemies with selective intervention

What is recorded here?

Stern and colleagues described integrating biological and chemical control rather than treating them as competing approaches. Pest abundance, natural enemies and economic injury informed when and how to intervene.

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Scientific scope

The article is anchored in the spotted alfalfa aphid problem. Later integrated pest management broadened the framework; this record is not a universal pesticide prescription or an assurance that every labelled programme works.

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People and systems

Vernon M. Stern; Ray F. Smith; Robert van den Bosch; Kenneth S. Hagen

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Documented countries / regions: United States

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English catalogue narrative