SWhat changed
Expressed gapped filled-band Hall conductance as an integer topological invariant.
Scientific scope
The record is the exact four-author 1982 Physical Review Letters paper. It does not absorb the experimental integer quantum Hall effect, Hofstadter's spectrum, Haldane's zero-net-flux model or later topological-insulator theory.
Evidence
The linked sources identify this contribution and its scope. WRS has not independently reconstructed the scientific claims. The record is the exact four-author 1982 Physical Review Letters paper. It does not absorb the experimental integer quantum Hall effect, Hofstadter's spectrum, Haldane's zero-net-flux model or later topological-insulator theory.
Contributors
- D. J. Thouless · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.
- M. Kohmoto · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.
- M. P. Nightingale · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.
- M. den Nijs · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.
Provisional WRS assessment, edition 2026-10-16.1. Independent expert calibration is pending. This grade does not certify correctness or assign ownership.
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