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Second-order analysis of attempts to overcharge or overspin Kerr–Newman black holes

Contribution grade

Gravitation / black-hole perturbation theory · Scoped theoretical result, model or research proposal

Reference score100,000Provisional editorial estimate of this exact contribution; its grade is assessed separately.

What changed

Sorce and Wald analyzed thought experiments in which matter carrying charge or angular momentum enters a Kerr–Newman black hole. Their perturbative analysis incorporates second-order effects that can be missed by a first-order test-body treatment.

Scientific scope

Sorce and Wald analyzed thought experiments in which matter carrying charge or angular momentum enters a Kerr–Newman black hole. Their perturbative analysis incorporates second-order effects that can be missed by a first-order test-body treatment. The conclusions require the paper’s assumptions on the matter, energy condition and settling of perturbations, and concern a particular four-dimensional setting and perturbative regime. They are not a general proof of cosmic censorship or an empirical observation.

Evidence

The linked original works support the scoped statement and contribution attribution. WRS has not independently replayed experiments or reconstructed a full mathematical proof. The conclusions require the paper’s assumptions on the matter, energy condition and settling of perturbations, and concern a particular four-dimensional setting and perturbative regime. They are not a general proof of cosmic censorship or an empirical observation.

Contributors

Provisional WRS assessment, edition 2026-10-28.1. Independent expert calibration is pending. This grade does not certify correctness or assign ownership.

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