Penicillin: Oxford production and early human therapy

What changed

An antibacterial observation was developed into material and procedures for early human treatment.

Scientific scope

The production, assay and early human-treatment work in the 1941 Oxford report.

Evidence

The cited historical record or published author account supports this scoped contribution. The source-reading boundary is stated at each link; a WRS grade is not an independent scientific validation.

Contributors

• Abraham, Chain, Fletcher, Gardner, Heatley, Jennings and Florey · SCIENCE: The paper’s separate chemical, production, bacteriological and clinical work.
• Alexander Fleming · SCIENCE: Earlier discovery, not reassigned to this report.

• Further Observations on Penicillin, 1941

Provisional WRS assessment, edition 2026-10-16.1. Independent expert calibration is pending. This grade does not certify correctness or assign ownership.

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