Meissner and Ochsenfeld: magnetic-flux expulsion at the superconducting transition

What changed

Measured magnetic-field redistribution across the transition in lead and tin, establishing flux-expulsion behaviour.

Scientific scope

The record is the exact two-author 1933 German paper and its reported measurements. It does not absorb the London equations, BCS microscopic theory, type-II behavior or every later demonstration of the Meissner effect.

Evidence

The linked sources identify this contribution and its scope. WRS has not independently reconstructed the scientific claims. The record is the exact two-author 1933 German paper and its reported measurements. It does not absorb the London equations, BCS microscopic theory, type-II behavior or every later demonstration of the Meissner effect.

Contributors

• Walther Meissner · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.
• Robert Ochsenfeld · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.

• Institutional English translation of Meissner-Ochsenfeld paper

Provisional WRS assessment, edition 2026-10-16.1. Independent expert calibration is pending. This grade does not certify correctness or assign ownership.

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