Landis and Koch: observer agreement for categorical data

What changed

Complex observer-reliability data could be analyzed with explicit bias and agreement statistics.

Scientific scope

Exact 1977 two-author methods paper; earlier Cohen kappa, later weighting/prevalence corrections and all applications excluded.

Evidence

The linked sources identify this contribution and its scope. WRS has not independently reconstructed the scientific claims. The record is the exact two-author 1977 paper and its observer-agreement methodology. Cohen’s earlier kappa, later weighting and prevalence corrections, interpretive thresholds, and every clinical use remain separate.

Contributors

• J. Richard Landis · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.
• Gary G. Koch · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.

• Landis and Koch, The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data
• Crossref record for Landis and Koch 1977

Provisional WRS assessment, edition 2026-10-16.1. Independent expert calibration is pending. This grade does not certify correctness or assign ownership.

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