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Subword regularization and SentencePiece: sampled segmentation and raw-text tools

Contribution grade

Tokenization and training data · Human-designed research method or resource

Reference score160,000Provisional editorial estimate of this exact contribution; its grade is assessed separately.

What changed

Developed probabilistic unigram segmentation and sampled subword views for training; packaged raw-sentence subword training, vocabulary-ID management, normalization and detokenization in SentencePiece.

Scientific scope

Developed probabilistic unigram segmentation and sampled subword views for training; packaged raw-sentence subword training, vocabulary-ID management, normalization and detokenization in SentencePiece. The unigram method is Kudo's single-author work; the software paper is Kudo and Richardson. BPE is inherited, not invented here. Lossless tokenization is relative to configured normalization; default normalization may alter the original Unicode string and implements only a subset of full NFKC handling.

Evidence

The linked original sources describe the stated contribution and its evidence limits. WRS has not independently rerun the experiments or certified a proof. The unigram method is Kudo's single-author work; the software paper is Kudo and Richardson. BPE is inherited, not invented here. Lossless tokenization is relative to configured normalization; default normalization may alter the original Unicode string and implements only a subset of full NFKC handling.

Contributors

Provisional WRS assessment, edition 2026-10-16.1. Independent expert calibration is pending. This grade does not certify correctness or assign ownership.

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