Hopfield: collective dynamics as content-addressable memory

What changed

Recurrent networks gained a tractable dynamical account of associative recall.

Scientific scope

Hopfield's 1982 paper; prior associative memories, later learning rules and modern Hopfield networks are excluded.

Evidence

The linked sources identify this contribution and its scope. WRS has not independently reconstructed the scientific claims. The target is Hopfield’s 1982 sole-authored model. Earlier associative-memory work, later learning rules and modern Hopfield networks remain distinct.

Contributors

• John J. Hopfield · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.

• Hopfield, Neural Networks and Physical Systems with Emergent Collective Computational Abilities

Provisional WRS assessment, edition 2026-10-16.1. Independent expert calibration is pending. This grade does not certify correctness or assign ownership.

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