AWhat changed
Demonstrated a flexible fiberscope gastroscope for direct visualization.
Scientific scope
The record is the exact four-author 1958 Gastroenterology report and the demonstrated instrument. It does not absorb earlier optical-fiber work, later commercial endoscopes, colonoscopy or all subsequent clinical validation.
Evidence
The linked sources identify this contribution and its scope. WRS has not independently reconstructed the scientific claims. The record is the exact four-author 1958 Gastroenterology report and the demonstrated instrument. It does not absorb earlier optical-fiber work, later commercial endoscopes, colonoscopy or all subsequent clinical validation.
Contributors
- B. I. Hirschowitz · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.
- L. E. Curtiss · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.
- C. W. Peters · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.
- H. M. Pollard · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.
Provisional WRS assessment, edition 2026-10-16.1. Independent expert calibration is pending. This grade does not certify correctness or assign ownership.
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