Haldane: a quantum Hall model without Landau levels

What changed

A topological Hall phase could be realized in principle without Landau levels.

Scientific scope

Sole-author 1988 paper; later Chern-insulator materials and Kane–Mele time-reversal model excluded.

Evidence

The linked sources identify this contribution and its scope. WRS has not independently reconstructed the scientific claims. The record is the exact 1988 Physical Review Letters model. The integer and fractional quantum Hall experiments, the Kane–Mele model, later Chern-insulator materials and experimental realizations remain separate.

Contributors

• F. D. M. Haldane · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.

• Haldane, Model for a Quantum Hall Effect without Landau Levels
• Crossref record for Haldane model

Provisional WRS assessment, edition 2026-10-16.1. Independent expert calibration is pending. This grade does not certify correctness or assign ownership.

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