Gibbon: applying a mechanical heart–lung apparatus to cardiac surgery

What changed

Reported early clinical application of a mechanical heart–lung apparatus to permit intracardiac surgery under direct vision.

Scientific scope

The record is the exact 1954 Minnesota Medicine article and its reported clinical applications. Experimental development, other teams’ pump–oxygenators, later cardiopulmonary-bypass practice and broader open-heart surgery history remain separate.

Evidence

The linked sources identify this contribution and its scope. WRS has not independently reconstructed the scientific claims. The record is the exact 1954 Minnesota Medicine article and its reported clinical applications. Experimental development, other teams’ pump–oxygenators, later cardiopulmonary-bypass practice and broader open-heart surgery history remain separate.

Contributors

• John H. Gibbon Jr. · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.

• PubMed record for Gibbon’s heart–lung apparatus article
• Historical review of Gibbon and the heart–lung machine

Provisional WRS assessment, edition 2026-10-16.1. Independent expert calibration is pending. This grade does not certify correctness or assign ownership.

Full scientific record · Browse contribution grades · Request a correction