Leach, Krummel and Allison: CTLA-4 blockade and antitumor immunity

What changed

Checkpoint blockade became a demonstrated antitumor strategy in mouse models.

Scientific scope

Three-author 1996 mouse-model Science paper; human trials, ipilimumab and approval separate.

Evidence

The linked sources identify this contribution and its scope. WRS has not independently reconstructed the scientific claims. The record is the exact 1996 preclinical Science paper. CTLA-4 receptor biology, later mechanism studies, antibody engineering, ipilimumab trials, regulatory approval and human clinical benefit remain separate.

Contributors

• Dana R. Leach · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.
• Matthew F. Krummel · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.
• James P. Allison · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.

• Leach, Krummel and Allison, Enhancement of Antitumor Immunity by CTLA-4 Blockade
• Crossref record for CTLA-4 blockade paper

Provisional WRS assessment, edition 2026-10-16.1. Independent expert calibration is pending. This grade does not certify correctness or assign ownership.

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