Corbett and colleagues: Spanner

What changed

Documented a global replicated database whose TrueTime uncertainty bounds support externally consistent transactions and timestamped reads.

Scientific scope

The record is the exact twenty-six-author OSDI 2012 paper. It documents the system and measurements reported there; it does not absorb Paxos, Bigtable, later Spanner revisions, all Google operational contributions or generic distributed-SQL guarantees.

Evidence

The linked sources identify this contribution and its scope. WRS has not independently reconstructed the scientific claims. The record is the exact twenty-six-author OSDI 2012 paper. It documents the system and measurements reported there; it does not absorb Paxos, Bigtable, later Spanner revisions, all Google operational contributions or generic distributed-SQL guarantees.

Contributors

• The named authors listed in the linked research record · SCIENCE: Complete source byline retained in the research record; this collective display does not merge person identities or measure labor shares.

• Google Research page for Spanner
• USENIX full text of Spanner paper

Provisional WRS assessment, edition 2026-10-16.1. Independent expert calibration is pending. This grade does not certify correctness or assign ownership.

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