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Brooks: Elephants Don't Play Chess

Contribution grade

Robotics and autonomy · FORMALIZATION

Reference score70,000Provisional editorial estimate of this exact contribution; its grade is assessed separately.

What changed

Argued for behavior-grounded intelligence as a distinct research program.

Scientific scope

The record is Brooks's sole-author 1990 paper and its research program. It does not claim a theorem, a complete general intelligence, or absorb the subsumption architecture paper and later behavior-based robotics.

Evidence

The linked sources identify this contribution and its scope. WRS has not independently reconstructed the scientific claims. The record is Brooks's sole-author 1990 paper and its research program. It does not claim a theorem, a complete general intelligence, or absorb the subsumption architecture paper and later behavior-based robotics.

Contributors

Provisional WRS assessment, edition 2026-10-16.1. Independent expert calibration is pending. This grade does not certify correctness or assign ownership.

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