SWhat changed
The BABAR and Belle collaborations independently measured time-dependent differences in selected flavor-tagged neutral B and anti-B decays. BABAR reported sin(2β) = 0.59 ± 0.14 statistically ± 0.05 systematically; Belle reported sin(2φ1) = 0.99 ± 0.14 statistically ± 0.06 systematically. The angles β and φ1 use different names for the same standard-model parameter.
Scientific scope
The BABAR and Belle collaborations independently measured time-dependent differences in selected flavor-tagged neutral B and anti-B decays. BABAR reported sin(2β) = 0.59 ± 0.14 statistically ± 0.05 systematically; Belle reported sin(2φ1) = 0.99 ± 0.14 statistically ± 0.06 systematically. The angles β and φ1 use different names for the same standard-model parameter. BABAR and Belle used separate detectors, samples and collaboration bylines; these initial central values should not be silently averaged. Their 32 million and 31.3 million B-pair figures are collision samples, not selected signal counts. Belle fixed mixing and lifetime inputs in its likelihood and reports more than six sigma against zero; BABAR reports 4.1 sigma under its own uncertainty treatment. Flavor tagging, vertex resolution, backgrounds and fit assumptions matter. Both followed kaon CP violation and earlier B measurements. Observed neutral-B CP asymmetry does not by itself explain the cosmic matter-antimatter imbalance. The individual author lists shown for the two collaborations are incomplete. Similar initials do not establish that two contributors are the same person.
Evidence
The linked original works support the scoped statement and contribution attribution. WRS has not independently replayed experiments or reconstructed a full mathematical proof. BABAR and Belle used separate detectors, samples and collaboration bylines; these initial central values should not be silently averaged. Their 32 million and 31.3 million B-pair figures are collision samples, not selected signal counts. Belle fixed mixing and lifetime inputs in its likelihood and reports more than six sigma against zero; BABAR reports 4.1 sigma under its own uncertainty treatment. Flavor tagging, vertex resolution, backgrounds and fit assumptions matter. Both followed kaon CP violation and earlier B measurements. Observed neutral-B CP asymmetry does not by itself explain the cosmic matter-antimatter imbalance. The individual author lists shown for the two collaborations are incomplete. Similar initials do not establish that two contributors are the same person.
Contributors
- The named authors in the research record · SCIENCE: These are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged.
- Observation of CP violation in the B0 meson system
- Observation of Large CP Violation in the Neutral B Meson System (v1)
- Observation of Large CP Violation in the Neutral B Meson System (v2)
Provisional WRS assessment, edition 2026-10-28.1. Independent expert calibration is pending. This grade does not certify correctness or assign ownership.
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