Haber–Bosch: making ammonia at industrial scale

What changed

Turned laboratory ammonia synthesis into an operating high-pressure industrial process, expanding the practical supply of fixed nitrogen.

Scientific scope

The laboratory synthesis, catalyst development and industrial scale-up culminating in the 1913 Oppau ammonia plant.

Evidence

Original sources and institutional historical accounts support the stated contribution. The reading boundary is recorded at each source; this assessment is not an independent scientific verification.

Contributors

• Fritz Haber · SCIENCE: Named source contributor to this scoped work; individual labor shares are not measured.
• Carl Bosch · SCIENCE: Named source contributor to this scoped work; individual labor shares are not measured.
• Alwin Mittasch · SCIENCE: Named source contributor to this scoped work; individual labor shares are not measured.

• BASF corporate archive: Carl Bosch and the Oppau 1913 ammonia plant

Provisional WRS assessment, edition 2026-10-16.1. Independent expert calibration is pending. This grade does not certify correctness or assign ownership.

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