Agrawal, Kayal and Saxena: PRIMES is in P

What changed

Primality was placed constructively in deterministic P.

Scientific scope

Exact three-author 2004 paper; subsequent faster variants and applications excluded.

Evidence

The linked sources identify this contribution and its scope. WRS has not independently reconstructed the scientific claims. The record is the exact 2004 Annals paper. Earlier probabilistic tests, conditional deterministic tests, later runtime improvements and cryptographic uses remain separate.

Contributors

• Manindra Agrawal · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.
• Neeraj Kayal · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.
• Nitin Saxena · SCIENCE: Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured.

• Annals of Mathematics, PRIMES is in P
• Agrawal, Kayal and Saxena, PRIMES is in P full paper

Provisional WRS assessment, edition 2026-10-16.1. Independent expert calibration is pending. This grade does not certify correctness or assign ownership.

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