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ACID: a framework for reliable database transactions

Contribution grade

Database recovery · Scoped scientific or research-capability contribution

Reference score45,000Provisional editorial estimate of this exact contribution; its grade is assessed separately.

What changed

Härder and Reuter organized transaction-oriented recovery around atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability. Their framework made assumptions about failures and recovery explicit and comparable across database implementations.

Scientific scope

Härder and Reuter organized transaction-oriented recovery around atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability. Their framework made assumptions about failures and recovery explicit and comparable across database implementations. Scope limitation: This is a conceptual synthesis of transaction and recovery work, not the invention of databases or every ACID property. A database using the acronym does not thereby prove correct recovery under every failure.

Evidence

Assessment uses the catalogue-linked source evidence for the stated contribution. This is a conceptual synthesis of transaction and recovery work, not the invention of databases or every ACID property. A database using the acronym does not thereby prove correct recovery under every failure.

Contributors

Provisional WRS assessment, edition 2026-10-16.1. Independent expert calibration is pending. This grade does not certify correctness or assign ownership.

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