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Contribution grades use C / B / A / S, with optional − / + placements. SS / SSS require separate assessment; Z / U are horizons. Every curated achievement has both a published grade and a separately assessed reference score. Open questions, unverified claims and capability benchmarks remain distinct non-achievement records. Browse existing assessments.

Human-origin · 1950

Hamming: correcting errors in digital information

Hamming showed how redundant check bits can make specified transmission or storage errors detectable and correctable. The work supplied constructive tools for reliable digital information, beyond simply stopping when an error is noticed.

Contribution gradeScope and evidence
Reference score100,000Provisional editorial estimate of this exact contribution; its grade is assessed separately.
Human-origin · 1905

Einstein: special relativity

Developed a relativistic account of time, simultaneity and electrodynamics from the relativity principle and invariant light propagation, deriving transformations between inertial frames.

Contribution gradeScope and evidence
Reference score650,000Provisional editorial estimate of this exact contribution; its grade is assessed separately.
Human-origin · 1931

Gödel: incompleteness

Establishes limits to formal provability in sufficiently strong, effectively axiomatized systems of arithmetic.

Contribution gradeScope and evidence
Reference score450,000Provisional editorial estimate of this exact contribution; its grade is assessed separately.