Newton: Principia Mathematica
The laws of motion and universal gravitation bring terrestrial and celestial motion into a common framework.
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The laws of motion and universal gravitation bring terrestrial and celestial motion into a common framework.
Describes gravity through the relation between spacetime geometry and matter.
Introduces a universal model of computation and proves the decision problem unsolvable.
Uses entropy and channel capacity to describe limits on compression and reliable communication.
Hamming showed how redundant check bits can make specified transmission or storage errors detectable and correctable. The work supplied constructive tools for reliable digital information, beyond simply stopping when an error is noticed.
Introduced an attention-based encoder–decoder architecture for sequence transduction, with multi-head attention and positional information, and reported strong machine-translation and parsing results.
Uses reinforcement learning to search for matrix multiplication algorithms at particular sizes and over specified fields.
Combines Gemini with computational evaluators to search for algorithms and mathematical constructions.
Established a Gaussian limiting law for a class of additive arithmetic functions, including a normalized form of the number of distinct prime divisors.
Structural relations between continuous symmetries, conservation laws and variational equations.
Developed a relativistic account of time, simultaneity and electrodynamics from the relativity principle and invariant light propagation, deriving transformations between inertial frames.
A unified field theory of electricity, magnetism and light, foundational to modern electromagnetism.
Establishes limits to formal provability in sufficiently strong, effectively axiomatized systems of arithmetic.
A large convolutional network trained with GPUs demonstrated strong large-scale image classification, using architectural and training choices that made deep learning practical at this scale.
Systematically develops trigonometric-series methods through the problem of heat conduction.
Turns the difference between local hidden-variable theories and quantum correlations into testable constraints.
Constructed paired public and secret operations through exponentiation modulo a composite integer, providing methods for public-key encryption and digital signatures.
The PageRank report formalized recursive hyperlink-based ranking with a rank-source/random-surfer interpretation, described computation on large web-link graphs and explored personalized restart sources.