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        "description": "The argument concerns the conserved vector charge, admissible phase-twisted states and controlled energy expansions in the stated thermodynamic geometry. It does not forbid all local magnetization currents, finite-ring persistent currents, metastable supercurrents or nonequilibrium transport. Axial currents are outside this vector-gauge argument. The paper treats zero temperature; a general finite-temperature extension is proposed rather than proved here. Its time-crystal application covers persistent-current proposals, and its finite-size caveat prevents a blanket exclusion of the chiral vortical effect.",
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      "statement": "# Gauge-based Bloch argument constrains equilibrium particle currents and chiral transport\n\nYamamoto extended the Bloch argument against spontaneous ground-state particle currents using the conserved U(1) vector current and a spatial phase variation. This formulation covers relativistic as well as nonrelativistic settings and clarifies why a homogeneous chiral magnetic transport current cannot be an equilibrium ground-state current in the thermodynamic limit. The paper contrasts this with a maintained chiral imbalance that supports a nonequilibrium current, and with an axial current that can represent spin polarization rather than forbidden vector transport.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe argument concerns the conserved vector charge, admissible phase-twisted states and controlled energy expansions in the stated thermodynamic geometry. It does not forbid all local magnetization currents, finite-ring persistent currents, metastable supercurrents or nonequilibrium transport. Axial currents are outside this vector-gauge argument. The paper treats zero temperature; a general finite-temperature extension is proposed rather than proved here. Its time-crystal application covers persistent-current proposals, and its finite-size caveat prevents a blanket exclusion of the chiral vortical effect.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nNaoki Yamamoto\n\nThese are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Generalized Bloch theorem and chiral transport phenomena (arXiv1502.01547v3)](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.01547v3)\n",
      "summary": "Yamamoto extended the Bloch argument against spontaneous ground-state particle currents using the conserved U(1) vector current and a spatial phase variation. This formulation covers relativistic as well as nonrelativistic settings and clarifies why a homogeneous chiral magnetic transport current cannot be an equilibrium ground-state current in the thermodynamic limit. The paper contrasts this with a maintained chiral imbalance that supports a nonequilibrium current, and with an axial current that can represent spin polarization rather than forbidden vector transport.",
      "title": "Gauge-based Bloch argument constrains equilibrium particle currents and chiral transport"
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    "title": "Gauge-based Bloch argument constrains equilibrium particle currents and chiral transport",
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    "what_changed": "Yamamoto extended the Bloch argument against spontaneous ground-state particle currents using the conserved U(1) vector current and a spatial phase variation. This formulation covers relativistic as well as nonrelativistic settings and clarifies why a homogeneous chiral magnetic transport current cannot be an equilibrium ground-state current in the thermodynamic limit. The paper contrasts this with a maintained chiral imbalance that supports a nonequilibrium current, and with an axial current that can represent spin polarization rather than forbidden vector transport.",
    "scope": "Yamamoto extended the Bloch argument against spontaneous ground-state particle currents using the conserved U(1) vector current and a spatial phase variation. This formulation covers relativistic as well as nonrelativistic settings and clarifies why a homogeneous chiral magnetic transport current cannot be an equilibrium ground-state current in the thermodynamic limit. The paper contrasts this with a maintained chiral imbalance that supports a nonequilibrium current, and with an axial current that can represent spin polarization rather than forbidden vector transport. The argument concerns the conserved vector charge, admissible phase-twisted states and controlled energy expansions in the stated thermodynamic geometry. It does not forbid all local magnetization currents, finite-ring persistent currents, metastable supercurrents or nonequilibrium transport. Axial currents are outside this vector-gauge argument. The paper treats zero temperature; a general finite-temperature extension is proposed rather than proved here. Its time-crystal application covers persistent-current proposals, and its finite-size caveat prevents a blanket exclusion of the chiral vortical effect.",
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