{
  "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1",
  "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177",
  "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS",
  "entry": {
    "id": "vilas-team-caoh-polyatomic-mot-and-subdoppler-cooling-2021",
    "title": "Magneto-optical trapping and subsequent sub-Doppler cooling of CaOH molecules",
    "summary": "Vilas and colleagues confined calcium monohydroxide molecules in a radiofrequency magneto-optical trap and measured the response of the cloud after a push. They estimated 20,000 ± 5,000 trapped molecules. After switching off the trapping field, a separate optical-molasses stage cooled the sample to 110 ± 4 microkelvin.",
    "boundary": "The population and density of the magneto-optical trap and the later molasses temperature refer to different stages and must not be combined as one simultaneous measurement. Calibrations described in separate supplementary material were not independently reproduced here; the sample was far from quantum degeneracy.",
    "area": "Atomic and molecular physics / polyatomic laser cooling and trapping",
    "topic": "Physics",
    "year": 2021,
    "lane": "HUMAN",
    "result": "EMPIRICAL",
    "package_id": "vilas-team-caoh-polyatomic-mot-and-subdoppler-cooling-2021",
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:dbc991cf-0177-4cf3-a8e8-f385aaa9bf17",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:af3a8b755d88a3613226f2161f8893024d6ec1f8827e5a74fd3e1e20778007c9"
    },
    "humans": [
      "Nathaniel B. Vilas",
      "Christian Hallas",
      "Loïc Anderegg",
      "Paige Robichaud",
      "Andrew Winnicki",
      "Debayan Mitra",
      "John M. Doyle"
    ],
    "human_identities": [
      {
        "author_position": 0,
        "source_name": "Nathaniel B. Vilas",
        "person_id": "wrs-person-39cb97d1e594dc5b4b7c07a0",
        "display_name": "Nathaniel B. Vilas",
        "status": "SOURCE_LINKED_IDENTITY",
        "sources": [
          {
            "title": "ORCID public identity and works",
            "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-1990"
          },
          {
            "title": "Magneto-optical trapping and sub-Doppler cooling of a polyatomic molecule (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08349v1"
          },
          {
            "title": "An optical tweezer array of ultracold polyatomic molecules (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.07529v1"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "author_position": 1,
        "source_name": "Christian Hallas",
        "person_id": "wrs-person-c675abd18ec0c84484ed9f39",
        "display_name": "Christian Hallas",
        "status": "SOURCE_LINKED_IDENTITY",
        "sources": [
          {
            "title": "ORCID public identity and works",
            "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0869-6500"
          },
          {
            "title": "Magneto-optical trapping and sub-Doppler cooling of a polyatomic molecule (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08349v1"
          },
          {
            "title": "An optical tweezer array of ultracold polyatomic molecules (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.07529v1"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "author_position": 2,
        "source_name": "Loïc Anderegg",
        "person_id": "wrs-person-1c4ad0870bf64577bad64223",
        "display_name": "Loïc Anderegg",
        "status": "SOURCE_LINKED_IDENTITY",
        "sources": [
          {
            "title": "ORCID public identity and works",
            "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4282-3369"
          },
          {
            "title": "Sisyphus laser cooling of a polyatomic molecule (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1609.02254v1"
          },
          {
            "title": "Sisyphus Laser Cooling of a Polyatomic Molecule (Physical Review Letters, 2017)",
            "url": "https://physics.aps.org/featured-article-pdf/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.173201"
          },
          {
            "title": "Magneto-optical trapping and sub-Doppler cooling of a polyatomic molecule (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08349v1"
          },
          {
            "title": "An optical tweezer array of ultracold molecules (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.00497v1"
          },
          {
            "title": "Laser cooling of optically trapped molecules (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1803.04571v1"
          },
          {
            "title": "An optical tweezer array of ultracold polyatomic molecules (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.07529v1"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "author_position": 6,
        "source_name": "John M. Doyle",
        "person_id": "wrs-person-e61b21e277583657dbc3b5ab",
        "display_name": "John M. Doyle",
        "status": "SOURCE_LINKED_IDENTITY",
        "sources": [
          {
            "title": "Research group author profile",
            "url": "https://ultracoldmolecules.com/author/john-m.-doyle/"
          },
          {
            "title": "Sisyphus laser cooling of a polyatomic molecule (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1609.02254v1"
          },
          {
            "title": "Sisyphus Laser Cooling of a Polyatomic Molecule (Physical Review Letters, 2017)",
            "url": "https://physics.aps.org/featured-article-pdf/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.173201"
          },
          {
            "title": "Magneto-optical trapping and sub-Doppler cooling of a polyatomic molecule (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08349v1"
          },
          {
            "title": "An optical tweezer array of ultracold molecules (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.00497v1"
          },
          {
            "title": "Laser cooling of optically trapped molecules (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1803.04571v1"
          },
          {
            "title": "An optical tweezer array of ultracold polyatomic molecules (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.07529v1"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "author_position": 3,
        "source_name": "Paige Robichaud",
        "person_id": "wrs-person-523b401cf6bfa0b320f15c61",
        "display_name": "Paige Robichaud",
        "status": "SOURCE_LINKED_IDENTITY",
        "sources": [
          {
            "title": "Research group author profile",
            "url": "https://ultracoldmolecules.com/author/paige-robichaud/"
          },
          {
            "title": "Magneto-optical trapping and sub-Doppler cooling of a polyatomic molecule (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08349v1"
          },
          {
            "title": "An optical tweezer array of ultracold polyatomic molecules (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.07529v1"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "authors_complete": true,
    "human_role_note": "These are the source-listed authors of this specific paper. Individual effort, author nationality and unresolved cross-record identities are not inferred.",
    "agents": [],
    "related": [],
    "subresults": [],
    "scientific_assessment": {
      "source_review": "SOURCE_CURATED",
      "scientific_review": "NOT_REVIEWED_BY_WRS",
      "formal_replay": "NOT_RUN",
      "provider_attestation": "NONE"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "vilas-team-caoh-polyatomic-mot-subdoppler-arxiv211208349v1",
        "title": "Magneto-optical trapping and sub-Doppler cooling of a polyatomic molecule (author preprint, version 1)",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08349v1",
        "date": "2021-12-15"
      }
    ],
    "geography": {
      "country_codes": [
        "US"
      ],
      "location_basis": "The original paper lists Harvard University and the Harvard–MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Affiliations identify research locations, not individual nationalities or scientific ownership.",
      "source_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08349v1",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:dbc991cf-0177-4cf3-a8e8-f385aaa9bf17",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:af3a8b755d88a3613226f2161f8893024d6ec1f8827e5a74fd3e1e20778007c9"
      },
      "basis": "RESEARCH_LOCATION_OR_PAPER_AFFILIATION",
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27",
      "nationality_inferred": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Magneto-optical trapping and sub-Doppler cooling of a polyatomic molecule (author preprint, version 1)",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08349v1"
        }
      ],
      "coverage_status": "COMPLETE",
      "country_labels": {
        "US": "United States"
      }
    },
    "points": "125000",
    "published_grade": {
      "id": "vilas-team-caoh-polyatomic-mot-and-subdoppler-cooling-2021",
      "entry_id": "vilas-team-caoh-polyatomic-mot-and-subdoppler-cooling-2021",
      "band": "A",
      "modifier": "+",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:dbc991cf-0177-4cf3-a8e8-f385aaa9bf17",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:af3a8b755d88a3613226f2161f8893024d6ec1f8827e5a74fd3e1e20778007c9"
      },
      "what_changed": "Vilas and colleagues confined calcium monohydroxide molecules in a radiofrequency magneto-optical trap and measured the response of the cloud after a push. They estimated 20,000 ± 5,000 trapped molecules. After switching off the trapping field, a separate optical-molasses stage cooled the sample to 110 ± 4 microkelvin.",
      "scope": "Vilas and colleagues confined calcium monohydroxide molecules in a radiofrequency magneto-optical trap and measured the response of the cloud after a push. They estimated 20,000 ± 5,000 trapped molecules. After switching off the trapping field, a separate optical-molasses stage cooled the sample to 110 ± 4 microkelvin. The population and density of the magneto-optical trap and the later molasses temperature refer to different stages and must not be combined as one simultaneous measurement. Calibrations described in separate supplementary material were not independently reproduced here; the sample was far from quantum degeneracy.",
      "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
      "scientific_correctness_certified": false
    },
    "assessment_disposition": {
      "status": "ASSESSED",
      "label": "Provisionally assessed",
      "reason": "A current grade and separate reference score identify this exact contribution.",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:dbc991cf-0177-4cf3-a8e8-f385aaa9bf17",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:af3a8b755d88a3613226f2161f8893024d6ec1f8827e5a74fd3e1e20778007c9"
      },
      "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177"
    }
  },
  "version": {
    "kind": "PUBLIC_RECORD_VIEW",
    "previous": null,
    "published_at": "2026-10-27T00:00:00Z",
    "publisher": {
      "principal_id": "urn:uuid:80116931-785b-40a2-a24b-9d59db0c7e33",
      "role": "WRS_EDITORIAL_PUBLICATION"
    },
    "record": {
      "contributors": [
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Nathaniel B. Vilas",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Magneto-optical trapping and sub-Doppler cooling of a polyatomic molecule (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08349v1"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Christian Hallas",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Magneto-optical trapping and sub-Doppler cooling of a polyatomic molecule (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08349v1"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Loïc Anderegg",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Magneto-optical trapping and sub-Doppler cooling of a polyatomic molecule (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08349v1"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Paige Robichaud",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Magneto-optical trapping and sub-Doppler cooling of a polyatomic molecule (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08349v1"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Andrew Winnicki",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Magneto-optical trapping and sub-Doppler cooling of a polyatomic molecule (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08349v1"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Debayan Mitra",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Magneto-optical trapping and sub-Doppler cooling of a polyatomic molecule (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08349v1"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "John M. Doyle",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Magneto-optical trapping and sub-Doppler cooling of a polyatomic molecule (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08349v1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "evidence": [
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-0",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Magneto-optical trapping and sub-Doppler cooling of a polyatomic molecule (author preprint, version 1)",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08349v1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY",
      "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1",
      "record_type": "research_note",
      "rrp_version": "0.1",
      "scope": {
        "description": "The population and density of the magneto-optical trap and the later molasses temperature refer to different stages and must not be combined as one simultaneous measurement. Calibrations described in separate supplementary material were not independently reproduced here; the sample was far from quantum degeneracy.",
        "domain": "Atomic and molecular physics / polyatomic laser cooling and trapping"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "Magneto-optical trapping and sub-Doppler cooling of a polyatomic molecule (author preprint, version 1)",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08349v1"
        }
      ],
      "statement": "# Magneto-optical trapping and subsequent sub-Doppler cooling of CaOH molecules\n\n## From a beam to a trap\n\nA molecular beam travels through an apparatus. A trap instead supplies forces that can bring a displaced cloud back toward its centre, making the sample available for longer. This work applied a radiofrequency magneto-optical trap to calcium monohydroxide molecules. A magneto-optical trap combines light and a magnetic field to help confine particles. Radiofrequency means the apparatus changes part of its control at a radio-frequency rate; the source describes the specific arrangement used for these molecules.\n\n## What was tested?\n\nThe researchers measured how the molecular cloud moved after a push. They also inferred how many molecules were loaded, using the light collected from the sample and a calibration. A trap’s reported population is therefore an estimate, not a count of individual photographs. The light signal gives a useful estimate only when the experimenters account for how efficiently light is emitted and collected. A model and calibration therefore connect the observed fluorescence to a number of molecules.\n\n## Two steps, two measurements\n\nThe paper estimates 20,000 ± 5,000 molecules in the trap. After the researchers switched off the trapping field, an optical-molasses stage cooled the sample to 110 ± 4 microkelvin. Do not automatically assign the trap’s earlier population or density to the later cooling stage. As a simple arithmetic check, 20,000 minus 5,000 is 15,000 and 20,000 plus 5,000 is 25,000. This restates the reported uncertainty notation; it should not be relabelled as a 95% interval without additional evidence.\n\n## What remains uncertain?\n\nThe original preprint refers to additional material for some calibrations. The temperature and population depend on the stated measurement methods; the experiment did not show a quantum-degenerate molecular gas. Microkelvin is a millionth of a kelvin. A small temperature indicates slow random motion under the measurement model, but it does not by itself establish a particular quantum state or guarantee the later sample density.\n\n## Try a small source check\n\nFind the trap population and later temperature in the original paper. Ask your agent to make a two-row table with the apparatus state, measurement, units and uncertainty. Check whether it has accidentally placed the two numbers at the same stage. Link each row to the exact page or figure you used. If the supplementary calibration is unavailable to you, say so instead of treating it as independently checked.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe population and density of the magneto-optical trap and the later molasses temperature refer to different stages and must not be combined as one simultaneous measurement. Calibrations described in separate supplementary material were not independently reproduced here; the sample was far from quantum degeneracy.\n\n## Sources for this explanation\n\n- [Magneto-optical trapping and sub-Doppler cooling of a polyatomic molecule (author preprint, version 1)](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08349v1): Author preprint: checked byline, main reported result and measurement limitations.\n",
      "summary": "Vilas and colleagues confined calcium monohydroxide molecules in a radiofrequency magneto-optical trap and measured the response of the cloud after a push. They estimated 20,000 ± 5,000 trapped molecules. After switching off the trapping field, a separate optical-molasses stage cooled the sample to 110 ± 4 microkelvin.",
      "title": "Magneto-optical trapping and subsequent sub-Doppler cooling of CaOH molecules"
    },
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:dbc991cf-0177-4cf3-a8e8-f385aaa9bf17",
    "version": 1,
    "source_ref": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:dbc991cf-0177-4cf3-a8e8-f385aaa9bf17",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:af3a8b755d88a3613226f2161f8893024d6ec1f8827e5a74fd3e1e20778007c9"
    },
    "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1",
    "public_view_hash": "sha256:f02cea559124827ceb04a529eb70ceebc61c2ce0c06f886f6d99194f023ca13e"
  },
  "target": {
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:dbc991cf-0177-4cf3-a8e8-f385aaa9bf17",
    "version": 1,
    "content_hash": "sha256:af3a8b755d88a3613226f2161f8893024d6ec1f8827e5a74fd3e1e20778007c9"
  },
  "published_grade": {
    "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1",
    "edition": "2026-10-28.1",
    "id": "vilas-team-caoh-polyatomic-mot-and-subdoppler-cooling-2021",
    "entry_id": "vilas-team-caoh-polyatomic-mot-and-subdoppler-cooling-2021",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "Magneto-optical trapping and subsequent sub-Doppler cooling of CaOH molecules",
    "context": "Atomic and molecular physics / polyatomic laser cooling and trapping",
    "track": "Reusable scientific method, experimental result or historical framework",
    "band": "A",
    "modifier": "+",
    "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
    "assessed_on": "2026-10-27",
    "evidence_cutoff": "2026-10-27",
    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "Vilas and colleagues confined calcium monohydroxide molecules in a radiofrequency magneto-optical trap and measured the response of the cloud after a push. They estimated 20,000 ± 5,000 trapped molecules. After switching off the trapping field, a separate optical-molasses stage cooled the sample to 110 ± 4 microkelvin.",
    "scope": "Vilas and colleagues confined calcium monohydroxide molecules in a radiofrequency magneto-optical trap and measured the response of the cloud after a push. They estimated 20,000 ± 5,000 trapped molecules. After switching off the trapping field, a separate optical-molasses stage cooled the sample to 110 ± 4 microkelvin. The population and density of the magneto-optical trap and the later molasses temperature refer to different stages and must not be combined as one simultaneous measurement. Calibrations described in separate supplementary material were not independently reproduced here; the sample was far from quantum degeneracy.",
    "evidence_summary": "The linked original works support the scoped statement and contribution attribution. WRS has not independently replayed experiments or reconstructed a full mathematical proof. The population and density of the magneto-optical trap and the later molasses temperature refer to different stages and must not be combined as one simultaneous measurement. Calibrations described in separate supplementary material were not independently reproduced here; the sample was far from quantum degeneracy.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "Magneto-optical trapping and sub-Doppler cooling of a polyatomic molecule (author preprint, version 1)",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08349v1",
        "locator": "Original scoped contribution, statement/method and evidence limits; source-specific attribution retained."
      }
    ],
    "roles": [
      {
        "who": "The named authors in the research record",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "These are the source-listed authors of this specific paper. Individual effort, author nationality and unresolved cross-record identities are not inferred."
      }
    ],
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:dbc991cf-0177-4cf3-a8e8-f385aaa9bf17",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:af3a8b755d88a3613226f2161f8893024d6ec1f8827e5a74fd3e1e20778007c9"
    },
    "scientific_correctness_certified": false,
    "independent_expert_calibration": false,
    "method": "PROPRIETARY",
    "points": "125000"
  },
  "canonical_agent_submission": false,
  "scientific_verification_awarded": false,
  "reader_guide": {
    "id": "vilas-team-caoh-polyatomic-mot-and-subdoppler-cooling-2021",
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:dbc991cf-0177-4cf3-a8e8-f385aaa9bf17",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:af3a8b755d88a3613226f2161f8893024d6ec1f8827e5a74fd3e1e20778007c9"
    },
    "sections": [
      {
        "title": "From a beam to a trap",
        "text": "A molecular beam travels through an apparatus. A trap instead supplies forces that can bring a displaced cloud back toward its centre, making the sample available for longer. This work applied a radiofrequency magneto-optical trap to calcium monohydroxide molecules. A magneto-optical trap combines light and a magnetic field to help confine particles. Radiofrequency means the apparatus changes part of its control at a radio-frequency rate; the source describes the specific arrangement used for these molecules."
      },
      {
        "title": "What was tested?",
        "text": "The researchers measured how the molecular cloud moved after a push. They also inferred how many molecules were loaded, using the light collected from the sample and a calibration. A trap’s reported population is therefore an estimate, not a count of individual photographs. The light signal gives a useful estimate only when the experimenters account for how efficiently light is emitted and collected. A model and calibration therefore connect the observed fluorescence to a number of molecules."
      },
      {
        "title": "Two steps, two measurements",
        "text": "The paper estimates 20,000 ± 5,000 molecules in the trap. After the researchers switched off the trapping field, an optical-molasses stage cooled the sample to 110 ± 4 microkelvin. Do not automatically assign the trap’s earlier population or density to the later cooling stage. As a simple arithmetic check, 20,000 minus 5,000 is 15,000 and 20,000 plus 5,000 is 25,000. This restates the reported uncertainty notation; it should not be relabelled as a 95% interval without additional evidence."
      },
      {
        "title": "What remains uncertain?",
        "text": "The original preprint refers to additional material for some calibrations. The temperature and population depend on the stated measurement methods; the experiment did not show a quantum-degenerate molecular gas. Microkelvin is a millionth of a kelvin. A small temperature indicates slow random motion under the measurement model, but it does not by itself establish a particular quantum state or guarantee the later sample density."
      },
      {
        "title": "Try a small source check",
        "text": "Find the trap population and later temperature in the original paper. Ask your agent to make a two-row table with the apparatus state, measurement, units and uncertainty. Check whether it has accidentally placed the two numbers at the same stage. Link each row to the exact page or figure you used. If the supplementary calibration is unavailable to you, say so instead of treating it as independently checked."
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "Magneto-optical trapping and sub-Doppler cooling of a polyatomic molecule (author preprint, version 1)",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08349v1",
        "locator": "Author preprint: checked byline, main reported result and measurement limitations."
      }
    ]
  },
  "reading_status": "EXPLANATORY_GUIDE"
}