{
  "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1",
  "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177",
  "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS",
  "entry": {
    "id": "unger-et-al-unity-2022",
    "title": "Unity: joint algebraic and parallelization search for DNN training",
    "summary": "Represented computation and communication in parallel computation graphs, generated small algebraic/parallel substitutions from operator specifications, checked them with an automated prover and searched their compositions hierarchically.",
    "boundary": "Verification is relative to supplied operator axioms, not an independently replayed proof of arbitrary floating-point execution. Fingerprints generate candidates but do not prove equivalence. The finite generated basis and hierarchical search do not establish globally optimal training runtime. Extends TASO/FlexFlow rather than inventing all graph rewriting or parallelization.",
    "area": "Distributed machine-learning compilers",
    "topic": "Artificial intelligence",
    "year": 2022,
    "lane": "HUMAN",
    "result": "ALGORITHM",
    "package_id": "unger-et-al-unity-2022",
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:ac1d5b0d-682b-4880-a093-36f1361f02ed",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:998c769e6a96abb08d41424ad0ad5dfff4019f5a9b5cd2a51dfefb541435be5c"
    },
    "humans": [
      "Colin Unger",
      "Zhihao Jia",
      "Wei Wu",
      "Sina Lin",
      "Mandeep Baines",
      "Carlos Efrain Quintero Narvaez",
      "Vinay Ramakrishnaiah",
      "Nirmal Prajapati",
      "Pat McCormick",
      "Jamaludin Mohd-Yusof",
      "Xi Luo",
      "Dheevatsa Mudigere",
      "Jongsoo Park",
      "Misha Smelyanskiy",
      "Alex Aiken"
    ],
    "authors_complete": true,
    "human_role_note": "Source-listed authors or explicitly credited technical contributors for the cited versions. Family entries retain source-specific attribution; a combined list is not one original-paper byline or equal individual work. Names alone do not establish resolved identities.",
    "agents": [],
    "related": [],
    "subresults": [],
    "scientific_assessment": {
      "source_review": "SOURCE_CURATED",
      "scientific_review": "NOT_REVIEWED_BY_WRS",
      "formal_replay": "NOT_RUN",
      "provider_attestation": "NONE"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "cur20261015-unity-osdi-2022",
        "title": "Unity: Accelerating DNN Training Through Joint Optimization of Algebraic Transformations and Parallelization",
        "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/osdi22-unger.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "points": "120000",
    "published_grade": {
      "id": "unger-et-al-unity-2022",
      "entry_id": "unger-et-al-unity-2022",
      "band": "A",
      "modifier": null,
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:ac1d5b0d-682b-4880-a093-36f1361f02ed",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:998c769e6a96abb08d41424ad0ad5dfff4019f5a9b5cd2a51dfefb541435be5c"
      },
      "what_changed": "Represented computation and communication in parallel computation graphs, generated small algebraic/parallel substitutions from operator specifications, checked them with an automated prover and searched their compositions hierarchically.",
      "scope": "Represented computation and communication in parallel computation graphs, generated small algebraic/parallel substitutions from operator specifications, checked them with an automated prover and searched their compositions hierarchically. Verification is relative to supplied operator axioms, not an independently replayed proof of arbitrary floating-point execution. Fingerprints generate candidates but do not prove equivalence. The finite generated basis and hierarchical search do not establish globally optimal training runtime. Extends TASO/FlexFlow rather than inventing all graph rewriting or parallelization.",
      "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
      "scientific_correctness_certified": false
    },
    "assessment_disposition": {
      "status": "ASSESSED",
      "label": "Provisionally assessed",
      "reason": "A current grade and separate reference score identify this exact contribution.",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:ac1d5b0d-682b-4880-a093-36f1361f02ed",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:998c769e6a96abb08d41424ad0ad5dfff4019f5a9b5cd2a51dfefb541435be5c"
      },
      "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177"
    }
  },
  "version": {
    "kind": "PUBLIC_RECORD_VIEW",
    "previous": null,
    "published_at": "2026-10-16T00:00:00Z",
    "publisher": {
      "principal_id": "urn:uuid:80116931-785b-40a2-a24b-9d59db0c7e33",
      "role": "WRS_EDITORIAL_PUBLICATION"
    },
    "record": {
      "contributors": [
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Colin Unger",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Unity: Accelerating DNN Training Through Joint Optimization of Algebraic Transformations and Parallelization",
            "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/osdi22-unger.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Zhihao Jia",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Unity: Accelerating DNN Training Through Joint Optimization of Algebraic Transformations and Parallelization",
            "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/osdi22-unger.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Wei Wu",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Unity: Accelerating DNN Training Through Joint Optimization of Algebraic Transformations and Parallelization",
            "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/osdi22-unger.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Sina Lin",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Unity: Accelerating DNN Training Through Joint Optimization of Algebraic Transformations and Parallelization",
            "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/osdi22-unger.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Mandeep Baines",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Unity: Accelerating DNN Training Through Joint Optimization of Algebraic Transformations and Parallelization",
            "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/osdi22-unger.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Carlos Efrain Quintero Narvaez",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Unity: Accelerating DNN Training Through Joint Optimization of Algebraic Transformations and Parallelization",
            "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/osdi22-unger.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Vinay Ramakrishnaiah",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Unity: Accelerating DNN Training Through Joint Optimization of Algebraic Transformations and Parallelization",
            "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/osdi22-unger.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Nirmal Prajapati",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Unity: Accelerating DNN Training Through Joint Optimization of Algebraic Transformations and Parallelization",
            "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/osdi22-unger.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Pat McCormick",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Unity: Accelerating DNN Training Through Joint Optimization of Algebraic Transformations and Parallelization",
            "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/osdi22-unger.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Jamaludin Mohd-Yusof",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Unity: Accelerating DNN Training Through Joint Optimization of Algebraic Transformations and Parallelization",
            "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/osdi22-unger.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Xi Luo",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Unity: Accelerating DNN Training Through Joint Optimization of Algebraic Transformations and Parallelization",
            "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/osdi22-unger.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Dheevatsa Mudigere",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Unity: Accelerating DNN Training Through Joint Optimization of Algebraic Transformations and Parallelization",
            "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/osdi22-unger.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Jongsoo Park",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Unity: Accelerating DNN Training Through Joint Optimization of Algebraic Transformations and Parallelization",
            "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/osdi22-unger.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Misha Smelyanskiy",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Unity: Accelerating DNN Training Through Joint Optimization of Algebraic Transformations and Parallelization",
            "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/osdi22-unger.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Alex Aiken",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Unity: Accelerating DNN Training Through Joint Optimization of Algebraic Transformations and Parallelization",
            "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/osdi22-unger.pdf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "evidence": [
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-0",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Unity: Accelerating DNN Training Through Joint Optimization of Algebraic Transformations and Parallelization",
            "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/osdi22-unger.pdf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY",
      "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1",
      "record_type": "research_note",
      "rrp_version": "0.1",
      "scope": {
        "description": "Verification is relative to supplied operator axioms, not an independently replayed proof of arbitrary floating-point execution. Fingerprints generate candidates but do not prove equivalence. The finite generated basis and hierarchical search do not establish globally optimal training runtime. Extends TASO/FlexFlow rather than inventing all graph rewriting or parallelization.",
        "domain": "Distributed machine-learning compilers"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "Unity: Accelerating DNN Training Through Joint Optimization of Algebraic Transformations and Parallelization",
          "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/osdi22-unger.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "statement": "# Unity: joint algebraic and parallelization search for DNN training\n\nRepresented computation and communication in parallel computation graphs, generated small algebraic/parallel substitutions from operator specifications, checked them with an automated prover and searched their compositions hierarchically.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nVerification is relative to supplied operator axioms, not an independently replayed proof of arbitrary floating-point execution. Fingerprints generate candidates but do not prove equivalence. The finite generated basis and hierarchical search do not establish globally optimal training runtime. Extends TASO/FlexFlow rather than inventing all graph rewriting or parallelization.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nColin Unger; Zhihao Jia; Wei Wu; Sina Lin; Mandeep Baines; Carlos Efrain Quintero Narvaez; Vinay Ramakrishnaiah; Nirmal Prajapati; Pat McCormick; Jamaludin Mohd-Yusof; Xi Luo; Dheevatsa Mudigere; Jongsoo Park; Misha Smelyanskiy; Alex Aiken\n\nSource-listed authors or explicitly credited technical contributors for the cited versions. Family entries retain source-specific attribution; a combined list is not one original-paper byline or equal individual work. Names alone do not establish resolved identities.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Unity: Accelerating DNN Training Through Joint Optimization of Algebraic Transformations and Parallelization](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/osdi22-unger.pdf)\n",
      "summary": "Represented computation and communication in parallel computation graphs, generated small algebraic/parallel substitutions from operator specifications, checked them with an automated prover and searched their compositions hierarchically.",
      "title": "Unity: joint algebraic and parallelization search for DNN training"
    },
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:ac1d5b0d-682b-4880-a093-36f1361f02ed",
    "version": 1,
    "source_ref": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:ac1d5b0d-682b-4880-a093-36f1361f02ed",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:998c769e6a96abb08d41424ad0ad5dfff4019f5a9b5cd2a51dfefb541435be5c"
    },
    "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1",
    "public_view_hash": "sha256:d730e7bd108a0e55c4966c4f1a6df29a8903a7a02f9748db2b88fc6e6ff26581"
  },
  "target": {
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:ac1d5b0d-682b-4880-a093-36f1361f02ed",
    "version": 1,
    "content_hash": "sha256:998c769e6a96abb08d41424ad0ad5dfff4019f5a9b5cd2a51dfefb541435be5c"
  },
  "published_grade": {
    "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1",
    "edition": "2026-10-28.1",
    "id": "unger-et-al-unity-2022",
    "entry_id": "unger-et-al-unity-2022",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "Unity: joint algebraic and parallelization search for DNN training",
    "context": "Distributed machine-learning compilers",
    "track": "Human-designed research method or resource",
    "band": "A",
    "modifier": null,
    "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
    "assessed_on": "2026-10-16",
    "evidence_cutoff": "2026-10-16",
    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "Represented computation and communication in parallel computation graphs, generated small algebraic/parallel substitutions from operator specifications, checked them with an automated prover and searched their compositions hierarchically.",
    "scope": "Represented computation and communication in parallel computation graphs, generated small algebraic/parallel substitutions from operator specifications, checked them with an automated prover and searched their compositions hierarchically. Verification is relative to supplied operator axioms, not an independently replayed proof of arbitrary floating-point execution. Fingerprints generate candidates but do not prove equivalence. The finite generated basis and hierarchical search do not establish globally optimal training runtime. Extends TASO/FlexFlow rather than inventing all graph rewriting or parallelization.",
    "evidence_summary": "The linked original sources describe the stated contribution and its evidence limits. WRS has not independently rerun the experiments or certified a proof. Verification is relative to supplied operator axioms, not an independently replayed proof of arbitrary floating-point execution. Fingerprints generate candidates but do not prove equivalence. The finite generated basis and hierarchical search do not establish globally optimal training runtime. Extends TASO/FlexFlow rather than inventing all graph rewriting or parallelization.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "Unity: Accelerating DNN Training Through Joint Optimization of Algebraic Transformations and Parallelization",
        "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/osdi22-unger.pdf",
        "locator": "Original contribution and stated assumptions, evaluation scope and limitations; source-linked assessment, not independent execution or proof certification."
      }
    ],
    "roles": [
      {
        "who": "Source-listed authors and technical contributors",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Source-listed authors or explicitly credited technical contributors for the cited versions. Family entries retain source-specific attribution; a combined list is not one original-paper byline or equal individual work. Names alone do not establish resolved identities."
      }
    ],
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:ac1d5b0d-682b-4880-a093-36f1361f02ed",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:998c769e6a96abb08d41424ad0ad5dfff4019f5a9b5cd2a51dfefb541435be5c"
    },
    "scientific_correctness_certified": false,
    "independent_expert_calibration": false,
    "method": "PROPRIETARY",
    "points": "120000"
  },
  "canonical_agent_submission": false,
  "scientific_verification_awarded": false,
  "reader_guide": null,
  "reading_status": "SOURCE_LINKED_NOTE"
}
