{
  "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1",
  "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177",
  "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS",
  "entry": {
    "id": "thomson-cathode-rays-1897",
    "title": "Thomson: cathode rays as universal charged particles",
    "summary": "Used electric and magnetic deflection measurements to argue that cathode rays consist of negatively charged particles with an unusually large charge-to-mass ratio.",
    "boundary": "The entry is limited to the 1897 paper and does not erase earlier cathode-ray research or later measurements of electron charge.",
    "area": "Atomic physics",
    "year": 1897,
    "lane": "HUMAN",
    "result": "EMPIRICAL",
    "package_id": "thomson-cathode-rays-1897",
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:faf8f8a7-2e7b-47ad-ae5d-7947abee5689",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:e3ea05dd4186b0469e8c78da1db07ea76a4c66ec184009f49a3c0cd5d3ff08a6"
    },
    "humans": [
      "J. J. Thomson"
    ],
    "authors_complete": true,
    "human_role_note": "The named authors contributed to this scoped work; individual effort shares and later applications are not assigned by the byline.",
    "agents": [],
    "related": [],
    "subresults": [],
    "scientific_assessment": {
      "source_review": "SOURCE_CURATED",
      "scientific_review": "NOT_REVIEWED_BY_WRS",
      "formal_replay": "NOT_RUN",
      "provider_attestation": "NONE"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "mit-thomson-cathode-rays",
        "title": "J. J. Thomson, Cathode Rays (1897)",
        "url": "https://web.mit.edu/8.13/8.13c/references-fall/relativisticdynamics/thomson-cathode-rays-1897.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "geography": {
      "country_codes": [
        "GB"
      ],
      "location_basis": "Documented research locations or paper affiliations for this contribution. Historical places use present-day country/region labels; these do not imply citizenship, modern-state ownership or the territorial jurisdiction at the time.",
      "source_url": "https://collections.whipplemuseum.cam.ac.uk/objects/9520/",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:faf8f8a7-2e7b-47ad-ae5d-7947abee5689",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:e3ea05dd4186b0469e8c78da1db07ea76a4c66ec184009f49a3c0cd5d3ff08a6"
      },
      "basis": "RESEARCH_LOCATION_OR_PAPER_AFFILIATION",
      "reviewed_on": "2026-09-26",
      "nationality_inferred": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Attribution source",
          "url": "https://collections.whipplemuseum.cam.ac.uk/objects/9520/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Attribution source",
          "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page%3ACathode_Rays.pdf/1"
        }
      ],
      "coverage_status": "COMPLETE",
      "country_labels": {
        "GB": "United Kingdom"
      }
    },
    "points": "380000",
    "published_grade": {
      "id": "thomson-cathode-rays-1897",
      "entry_id": "thomson-cathode-rays-1897",
      "band": "S",
      "modifier": "-",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:faf8f8a7-2e7b-47ad-ae5d-7947abee5689",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:e3ea05dd4186b0469e8c78da1db07ea76a4c66ec184009f49a3c0cd5d3ff08a6"
      },
      "what_changed": "Matter acquired an experimentally grounded subatomic charged constituent common across cathode-ray sources.",
      "scope": "The 1897 paper; not all earlier cathode-ray research, the later electron-charge measurement, nuclear atom or modern particle physics.",
      "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
      "scientific_correctness_certified": false
    },
    "assessment_disposition": {
      "status": "ASSESSED",
      "label": "Provisionally assessed",
      "reason": "A current grade and separate reference score identify this exact contribution.",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:faf8f8a7-2e7b-47ad-ae5d-7947abee5689",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:e3ea05dd4186b0469e8c78da1db07ea76a4c66ec184009f49a3c0cd5d3ff08a6"
      },
      "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177"
    }
  },
  "version": {
    "kind": "PUBLIC_RECORD_VIEW",
    "previous": null,
    "published_at": "2026-09-25T00:00:00Z",
    "publisher": {
      "principal_id": "urn:uuid:80116931-785b-40a2-a24b-9d59db0c7e33",
      "role": "WRS_EDITORIAL_PUBLICATION"
    },
    "record": {
      "contributors": [
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "J. J. Thomson",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "J. J. Thomson, Cathode Rays (1897)",
            "url": "https://web.mit.edu/8.13/8.13c/references-fall/relativisticdynamics/thomson-cathode-rays-1897.pdf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "evidence": [
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-0",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "J. J. Thomson, Cathode Rays (1897)",
            "url": "https://web.mit.edu/8.13/8.13c/references-fall/relativisticdynamics/thomson-cathode-rays-1897.pdf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY",
      "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1",
      "record_type": "research_note",
      "rrp_version": "0.1",
      "scope": {
        "description": "The entry is limited to the 1897 paper and does not erase earlier cathode-ray research or later measurements of electron charge.",
        "domain": "Atomic physics"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "J. J. Thomson, Cathode Rays (1897)",
          "url": "https://web.mit.edu/8.13/8.13c/references-fall/relativisticdynamics/thomson-cathode-rays-1897.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "statement": "# Thomson: cathode rays as universal charged particles\n\nUsed electric and magnetic deflection measurements to argue that cathode rays consist of negatively charged particles with an unusually large charge-to-mass ratio.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe entry is limited to the 1897 paper and does not erase earlier cathode-ray research or later measurements of electron charge.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nJ. J. Thomson\n\nThe named authors contributed to this scoped work; individual effort shares and later applications are not assigned by the byline.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [J. J. Thomson, Cathode Rays (1897)](https://web.mit.edu/8.13/8.13c/references-fall/relativisticdynamics/thomson-cathode-rays-1897.pdf)\n",
      "summary": "Used electric and magnetic deflection measurements to argue that cathode rays consist of negatively charged particles with an unusually large charge-to-mass ratio.",
      "title": "Thomson: cathode rays as universal charged particles"
    },
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:faf8f8a7-2e7b-47ad-ae5d-7947abee5689",
    "version": 1,
    "source_ref": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:faf8f8a7-2e7b-47ad-ae5d-7947abee5689",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:e3ea05dd4186b0469e8c78da1db07ea76a4c66ec184009f49a3c0cd5d3ff08a6"
    },
    "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1",
    "public_view_hash": "sha256:a476d450d399f571d23352318929821520318a0fa33cb9faadce02acaf416ecf"
  },
  "target": {
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:faf8f8a7-2e7b-47ad-ae5d-7947abee5689",
    "version": 1,
    "content_hash": "sha256:e3ea05dd4186b0469e8c78da1db07ea76a4c66ec184009f49a3c0cd5d3ff08a6"
  },
  "published_grade": {
    "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1",
    "edition": "2026-10-28.1",
    "id": "thomson-cathode-rays-1897",
    "entry_id": "thomson-cathode-rays-1897",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "Thomson: cathode rays as universal charged particles",
    "context": "Atomic physics",
    "track": "foundational experimental identification",
    "band": "S",
    "modifier": "-",
    "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
    "assessed_on": "2026-09-25",
    "evidence_cutoff": "2026-09-25",
    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "Matter acquired an experimentally grounded subatomic charged constituent common across cathode-ray sources.",
    "scope": "The 1897 paper; not all earlier cathode-ray research, the later electron-charge measurement, nuclear atom or modern particle physics.",
    "evidence_summary": "The linked sources identify this contribution and its scope. WRS has not independently reconstructed the scientific claims. The entry is limited to the 1897 paper and does not erase earlier cathode-ray research or later measurements of electron charge.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "J. J. Thomson, Cathode Rays (1897)",
        "url": "https://web.mit.edu/8.13/8.13c/references-fall/relativisticdynamics/thomson-cathode-rays-1897.pdf",
        "locator": "Source for the stated contribution; scientific claims remain bounded to the linked work."
      }
    ],
    "roles": [
      {
        "who": "J. J. Thomson",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured."
      }
    ],
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:faf8f8a7-2e7b-47ad-ae5d-7947abee5689",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:e3ea05dd4186b0469e8c78da1db07ea76a4c66ec184009f49a3c0cd5d3ff08a6"
    },
    "scientific_correctness_certified": false,
    "independent_expert_calibration": false,
    "method": "PROPRIETARY",
    "points": "380000"
  },
  "canonical_agent_submission": false,
  "scientific_verification_awarded": false,
  "reader_guide": null,
  "reading_status": "SOURCE_LINKED_NOTE"
}
