{
  "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1",
  "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177",
  "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS",
  "entry": {
    "id": "swan-et-al-balloon-catheter-1970",
    "title": "Swan and colleagues: flow-directed balloon-tipped cardiac catheter",
    "summary": "Reported bedside right-heart catheterization using a flow-directed balloon-tipped double-lumen catheter to obtain right-sided and pulmonary-capillary-wedge pressures without fluoroscopy.",
    "boundary": "The record is the exact six-author 1970 New England Journal of Medicine report. Its first 100 catheterizations do not establish benefit across all critically ill patients, and later thermodilution, monitoring protocols, complications and outcome trials remain separate.",
    "area": "Surgery, anesthesia and critical care",
    "topic": "Medicine & public health",
    "year": 1970,
    "lane": "HUMAN",
    "result": "EMPIRICAL",
    "package_id": "swan-et-al-balloon-catheter-1970",
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:466f95f4-c8a9-4bc1-ad1b-adf42fc28aa7",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:ca6389858619fa1422e8e8429ffe0401887a1865d189ebbea567b3a790250a77"
    },
    "humans": [
      "H. J. C. Swan",
      "William Ganz",
      "James S. Forrester",
      "Harold S. Marcus",
      "George Diamond",
      "David Chonette"
    ],
    "authors_complete": true,
    "human_role_note": "The named authors contributed to this scoped work; individual effort shares and later applications are not assigned by the byline.",
    "agents": [],
    "related": [],
    "subresults": [],
    "scientific_assessment": {
      "source_review": "SOURCE_CURATED",
      "scientific_review": "NOT_REVIEWED_BY_WRS",
      "formal_replay": "NOT_RUN",
      "provider_attestation": "NONE"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "nejm-swan-et-al-balloon-catheter-1970",
        "title": "NEJM DOI for flow-directed catheter paper",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197008272830902"
      },
      {
        "id": "pubmed-swan-et-al-balloon-catheter-1970",
        "title": "PubMed record for flow-directed catheter paper",
        "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5434111/"
      }
    ],
    "points": "130000",
    "published_grade": {
      "id": "swan-et-al-balloon-catheter-1970",
      "entry_id": "swan-et-al-balloon-catheter-1970",
      "band": "A",
      "modifier": "+",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:466f95f4-c8a9-4bc1-ad1b-adf42fc28aa7",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:ca6389858619fa1422e8e8429ffe0401887a1865d189ebbea567b3a790250a77"
      },
      "what_changed": "Reported balloon-tipped flow-directed catheter permitting bedside right-heart and wedge-pressure measurements.",
      "scope": "The record is the exact six-author 1970 New England Journal of Medicine report. Its first 100 catheterizations do not establish benefit across all critically ill patients, and later thermodilution, monitoring protocols, complications and outcome trials remain separate.",
      "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
      "scientific_correctness_certified": false
    },
    "assessment_disposition": {
      "status": "ASSESSED",
      "label": "Provisionally assessed",
      "reason": "A current grade and separate reference score identify this exact contribution.",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:466f95f4-c8a9-4bc1-ad1b-adf42fc28aa7",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:ca6389858619fa1422e8e8429ffe0401887a1865d189ebbea567b3a790250a77"
      },
      "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177"
    }
  },
  "version": {
    "kind": "PUBLIC_RECORD_VIEW",
    "previous": null,
    "published_at": "2026-09-25T00:00:00Z",
    "publisher": {
      "principal_id": "urn:uuid:80116931-785b-40a2-a24b-9d59db0c7e33",
      "role": "WRS_EDITORIAL_PUBLICATION"
    },
    "record": {
      "contributors": [
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "H. J. C. Swan",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "NEJM DOI for flow-directed catheter paper",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197008272830902"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "William Ganz",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "NEJM DOI for flow-directed catheter paper",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197008272830902"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "James S. Forrester",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "NEJM DOI for flow-directed catheter paper",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197008272830902"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Harold S. Marcus",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "NEJM DOI for flow-directed catheter paper",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197008272830902"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "George Diamond",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "NEJM DOI for flow-directed catheter paper",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197008272830902"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "David Chonette",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "NEJM DOI for flow-directed catheter paper",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197008272830902"
          }
        }
      ],
      "evidence": [
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-0",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "NEJM DOI for flow-directed catheter paper",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197008272830902"
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-1",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "PubMed record for flow-directed catheter paper",
            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5434111/"
          }
        }
      ],
      "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY",
      "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1",
      "record_type": "research_note",
      "rrp_version": "0.1",
      "scope": {
        "description": "The record is the exact six-author 1970 New England Journal of Medicine report. Its first 100 catheterizations do not establish benefit across all critically ill patients, and later thermodilution, monitoring protocols, complications and outcome trials remain separate.",
        "domain": "Surgery, anesthesia and critical care"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "NEJM DOI for flow-directed catheter paper",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197008272830902"
        },
        {
          "citation": "PubMed record for flow-directed catheter paper",
          "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5434111/"
        }
      ],
      "statement": "# Swan and colleagues: flow-directed balloon-tipped cardiac catheter\n\nReported bedside right-heart catheterization using a flow-directed balloon-tipped double-lumen catheter to obtain right-sided and pulmonary-capillary-wedge pressures without fluoroscopy.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe record is the exact six-author 1970 New England Journal of Medicine report. Its first 100 catheterizations do not establish benefit across all critically ill patients, and later thermodilution, monitoring protocols, complications and outcome trials remain separate.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nH. J. C. Swan; William Ganz; James S. Forrester; Harold S. Marcus; George Diamond; David Chonette\n\nThe named authors contributed to this scoped work; individual effort shares and later applications are not assigned by the byline.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [NEJM DOI for flow-directed catheter paper](https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197008272830902)\n- [PubMed record for flow-directed catheter paper](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5434111/)\n",
      "summary": "Reported bedside right-heart catheterization using a flow-directed balloon-tipped double-lumen catheter to obtain right-sided and pulmonary-capillary-wedge pressures without fluoroscopy.",
      "title": "Swan and colleagues: flow-directed balloon-tipped cardiac catheter"
    },
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:466f95f4-c8a9-4bc1-ad1b-adf42fc28aa7",
    "version": 1,
    "source_ref": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:466f95f4-c8a9-4bc1-ad1b-adf42fc28aa7",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:ca6389858619fa1422e8e8429ffe0401887a1865d189ebbea567b3a790250a77"
    },
    "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1",
    "public_view_hash": "sha256:fb68364b99f581a30bcb5a5298c762d2b4a73c6a3411db7accf36b60cdb4f553"
  },
  "target": {
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:466f95f4-c8a9-4bc1-ad1b-adf42fc28aa7",
    "version": 1,
    "content_hash": "sha256:ca6389858619fa1422e8e8429ffe0401887a1865d189ebbea567b3a790250a77"
  },
  "published_grade": {
    "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1",
    "edition": "2026-10-28.1",
    "id": "swan-et-al-balloon-catheter-1970",
    "entry_id": "swan-et-al-balloon-catheter-1970",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "Swan and colleagues: flow-directed balloon-tipped cardiac catheter",
    "context": "Surgery, anesthesia and critical care",
    "track": "EMPIRICAL",
    "band": "A",
    "modifier": "+",
    "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
    "assessed_on": "2026-09-25",
    "evidence_cutoff": "2026-09-25",
    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "Reported balloon-tipped flow-directed catheter permitting bedside right-heart and wedge-pressure measurements.",
    "scope": "The record is the exact six-author 1970 New England Journal of Medicine report. Its first 100 catheterizations do not establish benefit across all critically ill patients, and later thermodilution, monitoring protocols, complications and outcome trials remain separate.",
    "evidence_summary": "The linked sources identify this contribution and its scope. WRS has not independently reconstructed the scientific claims. The record is the exact six-author 1970 New England Journal of Medicine report. Its first 100 catheterizations do not establish benefit across all critically ill patients, and later thermodilution, monitoring protocols, complications and outcome trials remain separate.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "Swan and colleagues: flow-directed balloon-tipped cardiac catheter",
        "url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM197008272830902",
        "locator": "Source for the stated contribution; scientific claims remain bounded to the linked work."
      }
    ],
    "roles": [
      {
        "who": "H. J. C. Swan",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured."
      },
      {
        "who": "William Ganz",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured."
      },
      {
        "who": "James S. Forrester",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured."
      },
      {
        "who": "Harold S. Marcus",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured."
      },
      {
        "who": "George Diamond",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured."
      },
      {
        "who": "David Chonette",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured."
      }
    ],
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:466f95f4-c8a9-4bc1-ad1b-adf42fc28aa7",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:ca6389858619fa1422e8e8429ffe0401887a1865d189ebbea567b3a790250a77"
    },
    "scientific_correctness_certified": false,
    "independent_expert_calibration": false,
    "method": "PROPRIETARY",
    "points": "130000"
  },
  "canonical_agent_submission": false,
  "scientific_verification_awarded": false,
  "reader_guide": null,
  "reading_status": "SOURCE_LINKED_NOTE"
}