{ "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1", "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177", "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS", "entry": { "id": "stark-electric-spectral-splitting-1914", "title": "Electric fields split spectral lines: Stark's detailed experimental account", "summary": "Stark reported that an electric field separates selected gas spectral lines into polarized components, with a detailed 1914 experimental account following his 1913 announcement.\n\nAtoms reveal information through the light they emit. This experiment showed that an electric field can change a spectral line into several components. Stark compared spectra with and without the field and observed the light across the field direction, reducing a competing shift caused by moving emitters. Hydrogen and helium showed different patterns, creating a new experimental constraint for atomic theory. The detailed paper acknowledged Kirschbaum's essential assistance during long exposures. Measurements were provisional: field estimates, faint components and instrumental resolution limited what could be concluded. It did not supply the later quantum explanation. Stark's 1913 announcement and this 1914 account are linked publications of the same investigation. Antonino Lo Surdo independently observed the phenomenon in 1913; that attribution is supported here by a primary history-of-physics research abstract, while his original experimental body remains unread. This record does not award exclusive discovery ownership.", "boundary": "The contribution is the reported splitting of specified spectral lines in an applied electric field, with historical instrumental and interpretation limits. It is not a complete quantum derivation or a universal linear splitting law for every atom/field regime. 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Stark, Observation of the Separation of Spectral Lines by an Electric Field, Nature 92,401", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/092401b0" }, { "id": "wrs24-stark-losurdo2004-history-abstract", "title": "Leone, Paoletti and Robotti, A Simultaneous Discovery: The Case of Johannes Stark and Antonino Lo Surdo", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00016-003-0170-2" } ], "points": "160000", "published_grade": { "id": "stark-electric-spectral-splitting-1914", "entry_id": "stark-electric-spectral-splitting-1914", "band": "A", "modifier": null, "target": { "record_id": "urn:uuid:bb9b6603-6406-4102-af83-1db97df880ff", "version": 1, "content_hash": "sha256:f18916ef69145e8c9cf7d768a2586d5563397263babebe60105e49c635e62469" }, "what_changed": "Stark reported that an electric field separates selected gas spectral lines into polarized components, with a detailed 1914 experimental account following his 1913 announcement.", "scope": "Stark reported that an electric field separates selected gas spectral lines into polarized components, with a detailed 1914 experimental account following his 1913 announcement. The contribution is the reported splitting of specified spectral lines in an applied electric field, with historical instrumental and interpretation limits. It is not a complete quantum derivation or a universal linear splitting law for every atom/field regime. 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Quereffekt, original 1914 author paper", "url": "https://uni-tuebingen.de/fileadmin/Uni_Tuebingen/Fakultaeten/MathePhysik/Institute/IAP/Forschung/MOettel/Geburt_QM/stark_AnnPhys_348_965_1914.pdf" } }, { "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification", "id": "source-1", "kind": "source_reference", "source": { "citation": "Wiley Crossref deposit for Stark 1914 detailed paper", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1002%2Fandp.19143480702" } }, { "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification", "id": "source-2", "kind": "source_reference", "source": { "citation": "J. Stark, Observation of the Separation of Spectral Lines by an Electric Field, Nature 92,401", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/092401b0" } }, { "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification", "id": "source-3", "kind": "source_reference", "source": { "citation": "Leone, Paoletti and Robotti, A Simultaneous Discovery: The Case of Johannes Stark and Antonino Lo Surdo", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00016-003-0170-2" } } ], "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY", "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1", "record_type": "research_note", "rrp_version": "0.1", "scope": { "description": "The contribution is the reported splitting of specified spectral lines in an applied electric field, with historical instrumental and interpretation limits. It is not a complete quantum derivation or a universal linear splitting law for every atom/field regime. Parallel and later theoretical/experimental work remain separate.", "domain": "Atomic physics" }, "sources": [ { "citation": "J. Stark, Beobachtungen uber den Effekt des elektrischen Feldes auf Spektrallinien. I. Quereffekt, original 1914 author paper", "url": "https://uni-tuebingen.de/fileadmin/Uni_Tuebingen/Fakultaeten/MathePhysik/Institute/IAP/Forschung/MOettel/Geburt_QM/stark_AnnPhys_348_965_1914.pdf" }, { "citation": "Wiley Crossref deposit for Stark 1914 detailed paper", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1002%2Fandp.19143480702" }, { "citation": "J. Stark, Observation of the Separation of Spectral Lines by an Electric Field, Nature 92,401", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/092401b0" }, { "citation": "Leone, Paoletti and Robotti, A Simultaneous Discovery: The Case of Johannes Stark and Antonino Lo Surdo", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00016-003-0170-2" } ], "statement": "# Electric fields split spectral lines: Stark's detailed experimental account\n\nStark reported that an electric field separates selected gas spectral lines into polarized components, with a detailed 1914 experimental account following his 1913 announcement.\n\nAtoms reveal information through the light they emit. This experiment showed that an electric field can change a spectral line into several components. Stark compared spectra with and without the field and observed the light across the field direction, reducing a competing shift caused by moving emitters. Hydrogen and helium showed different patterns, creating a new experimental constraint for atomic theory. The detailed paper acknowledged Kirschbaum's essential assistance during long exposures. Measurements were provisional: field estimates, faint components and instrumental resolution limited what could be concluded. It did not supply the later quantum explanation. Stark's 1913 announcement and this 1914 account are linked publications of the same investigation. Antonino Lo Surdo independently observed the phenomenon in 1913; that attribution is supported here by a primary history-of-physics research abstract, while his original experimental body remains unread. This record does not award exclusive discovery ownership.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe contribution is the reported splitting of specified spectral lines in an applied electric field, with historical instrumental and interpretation limits. It is not a complete quantum derivation or a universal linear splitting law for every atom/field regime. Parallel and later theoretical/experimental work remain separate.\n\n## People and systems\n\nJ. Stark\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [J. Stark, Beobachtungen uber den Effekt des elektrischen Feldes auf Spektrallinien. I. Quereffekt, original 1914 author paper](https://uni-tuebingen.de/fileadmin/Uni_Tuebingen/Fakultaeten/MathePhysik/Institute/IAP/Forschung/MOettel/Geburt_QM/stark_AnnPhys_348_965_1914.pdf)\n- [Wiley Crossref deposit for Stark 1914 detailed paper](https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1002%2Fandp.19143480702)\n- [J. Stark, Observation of the Separation of Spectral Lines by an Electric Field, Nature 92,401](https://www.nature.com/articles/092401b0)\n- [Leone, Paoletti and Robotti, A Simultaneous Discovery: The Case of Johannes Stark and Antonino Lo Surdo](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00016-003-0170-2)\n", "summary": "Stark reported that an electric field separates selected gas spectral lines into polarized components, with a detailed 1914 experimental account following his 1913 announcement.\n\nAtoms reveal information through the light they emit. This experiment showed that an electric field can change a spectral line into several components. Stark compared spectra with and without the field and observed the light across the field direction, reducing a competing shift caused by moving emitters. Hydrogen and helium showed different patterns, creating a new experimental constraint for atomic theory. The detailed paper acknowledged Kirschbaum's essential assistance during long exposures. Measurements were provisional: field estimates, faint components and instrumental resolution limited what could be concluded. It did not supply the later quantum explanation. Stark's 1913 announcement and this 1914 account are linked publications of the same investigation. Antonino Lo Surdo independently observed the phenomenon in 1913; that attribution is supported here by a primary history-of-physics research abstract, while his original experimental body remains unread. This record does not award exclusive discovery ownership.", "title": "Electric fields split spectral lines: Stark's detailed experimental account" }, "record_id": "urn:uuid:bb9b6603-6406-4102-af83-1db97df880ff", "version": 1, "source_ref": { "record_id": "urn:uuid:bb9b6603-6406-4102-af83-1db97df880ff", "version": 1, "content_hash": "sha256:f18916ef69145e8c9cf7d768a2586d5563397263babebe60105e49c635e62469" }, "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1", "public_view_hash": "sha256:3c5549ed5064e9d63243d2bbb858c0c6e88cf212d702c68ee9e4fadc2eb4e85e" }, "target": { "record_id": "urn:uuid:bb9b6603-6406-4102-af83-1db97df880ff", "version": 1, "content_hash": "sha256:f18916ef69145e8c9cf7d768a2586d5563397263babebe60105e49c635e62469" }, "published_grade": { "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1", "edition": "2026-10-28.1", "id": "stark-electric-spectral-splitting-1914", "entry_id": "stark-electric-spectral-splitting-1914", "revision": 1, "title": "Electric fields split spectral lines: Stark's detailed experimental account", "context": "Atomic physics", "track": "Atomic physics", "band": "A", "modifier": null, "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL", "assessed_on": "2026-10-04", "evidence_cutoff": "2026-10-04", "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT", "what_changed": "Stark reported that an electric field separates selected gas spectral lines into polarized components, with a detailed 1914 experimental account following his 1913 announcement.", "scope": "Stark reported that an electric field separates selected gas spectral lines into polarized components, with a detailed 1914 experimental account following his 1913 announcement. The contribution is the reported splitting of specified spectral lines in an applied electric field, with historical instrumental and interpretation limits. It is not a complete quantum derivation or a universal linear splitting law for every atom/field regime. Parallel and later theoretical/experimental work remain separate.", "evidence_summary": "Source-linked, scoped account of the original work. The published scope states the scientific assumptions and remaining verification limits. WRS has not independently certified the full proof, experimental result or system benchmark.", "references": [ { "title": "J. Stark, Beobachtungen uber den Effekt des elektrischen Feldes auf Spektrallinien. I. Quereffekt, original 1914 author paper", "url": "https://uni-tuebingen.de/fileadmin/Uni_Tuebingen/Fakultaeten/MathePhysik/Institute/IAP/Forschung/MOettel/Geburt_QM/stark_AnnPhys_348_965_1914.pdf", "locator": "Original linked work. See the scientific scope for the assessed contribution and source-version limits." }, { "title": "Wiley Crossref deposit for Stark 1914 detailed paper", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1002%2Fandp.19143480702", "locator": "Original linked work. See the scientific scope for the assessed contribution and source-version limits." }, { "title": "J. Stark, Observation of the Separation of Spectral Lines by an Electric Field, Nature 92,401", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/092401b0", "locator": "Original linked work. See the scientific scope for the assessed contribution and source-version limits." }, { "title": "Leone, Paoletti and Robotti, A Simultaneous Discovery: The Case of Johannes Stark and Antonino Lo Surdo", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00016-003-0170-2", "locator": "Original linked work. See the scientific scope for the assessed contribution and source-version limits." } ], "roles": [ { "who": "J. 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