{
  "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1",
  "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177",
  "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS",
  "entry": {
    "id": "shannon-bandlimited-sampling-1949",
    "title": "Shannon: reconstructing band-limited signals from samples",
    "summary": "Shannon's 1949 paper presents sampling and reconstruction for ideal band-limited signals and represents signal samples as coordinates in a geometric space. The representation links signal energy and noise to distances and regions in that space.\n\nA continuous waveform seems to require infinitely many measurements. Under ideal bandwidth restrictions, sampled values can specify the waveform, and interpolation gives a way to recover it. Thinking of those values as coordinates also turns differences between waveforms into geometric distances, making communication problems easier to formulate.",
    "boundary": "This record covers sampled signal representation and reconstruction. It does not count the 1948 entropy/capacity theory again or claim sole priority for sampling; Shannon cites earlier mathematical and communication work. Ideal bandwidth and reconstruction assumptions do not describe arbitrary finite recordings.",
    "area": "Signal processing and communication theory",
    "topic": "Computer science",
    "year": 1949,
    "lane": "HUMAN",
    "result": "THEORY",
    "package_id": "shannon-bandlimited-sampling-1949",
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:d90bba85-6345-47cd-a50d-7370b76ee1a6",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:2007d0156c1e2ba3ed6efe4fa9e0d58335e3c385bfd698ee8ac94e556d43ed8e"
    },
    "humans": [
      "Claude E. Shannon"
    ],
    "authors_complete": true,
    "human_role_note": "Source-listed contributors to this scoped work. Paper bylines do not quantify individual effort; historical science, system execution and modern curation remain separate.",
    "agents": [],
    "related": [
      "shannon"
    ],
    "subresults": [],
    "scientific_assessment": {
      "source_review": "SOURCE_CURATED",
      "scientific_review": "NOT_REVIEWED_BY_WRS",
      "formal_replay": "NOT_RUN",
      "provider_attestation": "NONE"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "pc26-shannon-noise",
        "title": "Claude E. Shannon, Communication in the Presence of Noise (1949), IEEE 1998 reprint",
        "url": "https://webusers.imj-prg.fr/~antoine.chambert-loir/enseignement/2020-21/shannon/shannon1949.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "points": "125000",
    "published_grade": {
      "id": "shannon-bandlimited-sampling-1949",
      "entry_id": "shannon-bandlimited-sampling-1949",
      "band": "A",
      "modifier": null,
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:d90bba85-6345-47cd-a50d-7370b76ee1a6",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:2007d0156c1e2ba3ed6efe4fa9e0d58335e3c385bfd698ee8ac94e556d43ed8e"
      },
      "what_changed": "The paper formulates ideal reconstruction of bandlimited signals from sufficiently spaced samples and connects that representation to the geometry of communication signals.",
      "scope": "The paper formulates ideal reconstruction of bandlimited signals from sufficiently spaced samples and connects that representation to the geometry of communication signals. This record covers sampled signal representation and reconstruction. It does not count the 1948 entropy/capacity theory again or claim sole priority for sampling; Shannon cites earlier mathematical and communication work. Ideal bandwidth and reconstruction assumptions do not describe arbitrary finite recordings.",
      "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
      "scientific_correctness_certified": false
    },
    "assessment_disposition": {
      "status": "ASSESSED",
      "label": "Provisionally assessed",
      "reason": "A current grade and separate reference score identify this exact contribution.",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:d90bba85-6345-47cd-a50d-7370b76ee1a6",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:2007d0156c1e2ba3ed6efe4fa9e0d58335e3c385bfd698ee8ac94e556d43ed8e"
      },
      "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177"
    }
  },
  "version": {
    "kind": "PUBLIC_RECORD_VIEW",
    "previous": null,
    "published_at": "2026-10-03T00:00:00Z",
    "publisher": {
      "principal_id": "urn:uuid:80116931-785b-40a2-a24b-9d59db0c7e33",
      "role": "WRS_EDITORIAL_PUBLICATION"
    },
    "record": {
      "contributors": [
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Claude E. Shannon",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Claude E. Shannon, Communication in the Presence of Noise (1949), IEEE 1998 reprint",
            "url": "https://webusers.imj-prg.fr/~antoine.chambert-loir/enseignement/2020-21/shannon/shannon1949.pdf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "evidence": [
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-0",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Claude E. Shannon, Communication in the Presence of Noise (1949), IEEE 1998 reprint",
            "url": "https://webusers.imj-prg.fr/~antoine.chambert-loir/enseignement/2020-21/shannon/shannon1949.pdf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY",
      "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1",
      "record_type": "research_note",
      "rrp_version": "0.1",
      "scope": {
        "description": "This record covers sampled signal representation and reconstruction. It does not count the 1948 entropy/capacity theory again or claim sole priority for sampling; Shannon cites earlier mathematical and communication work. Ideal bandwidth and reconstruction assumptions do not describe arbitrary finite recordings.",
        "domain": "Signal processing and communication theory"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "Claude E. Shannon, Communication in the Presence of Noise (1949), IEEE 1998 reprint",
          "url": "https://webusers.imj-prg.fr/~antoine.chambert-loir/enseignement/2020-21/shannon/shannon1949.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "statement": "# Shannon: reconstructing band-limited signals from samples\n\nShannon's 1949 paper presents sampling and reconstruction for ideal band-limited signals and represents signal samples as coordinates in a geometric space. The representation links signal energy and noise to distances and regions in that space.\n\nA continuous waveform seems to require infinitely many measurements. Under ideal bandwidth restrictions, sampled values can specify the waveform, and interpolation gives a way to recover it. Thinking of those values as coordinates also turns differences between waveforms into geometric distances, making communication problems easier to formulate.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThis record covers sampled signal representation and reconstruction. It does not count the 1948 entropy/capacity theory again or claim sole priority for sampling; Shannon cites earlier mathematical and communication work. Ideal bandwidth and reconstruction assumptions do not describe arbitrary finite recordings.\n\n## People and systems\n\nClaude E. Shannon\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Claude E. Shannon, Communication in the Presence of Noise (1949), IEEE 1998 reprint](https://webusers.imj-prg.fr/~antoine.chambert-loir/enseignement/2020-21/shannon/shannon1949.pdf)\n",
      "summary": "Shannon's 1949 paper presents sampling and reconstruction for ideal band-limited signals and represents signal samples as coordinates in a geometric space. The representation links signal energy and noise to distances and regions in that space.\n\nA continuous waveform seems to require infinitely many measurements. Under ideal bandwidth restrictions, sampled values can specify the waveform, and interpolation gives a way to recover it. Thinking of those values as coordinates also turns differences between waveforms into geometric distances, making communication problems easier to formulate.",
      "title": "Shannon: reconstructing band-limited signals from samples"
    },
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:d90bba85-6345-47cd-a50d-7370b76ee1a6",
    "version": 1,
    "source_ref": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:d90bba85-6345-47cd-a50d-7370b76ee1a6",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:2007d0156c1e2ba3ed6efe4fa9e0d58335e3c385bfd698ee8ac94e556d43ed8e"
    },
    "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1",
    "public_view_hash": "sha256:9a5f4d8c72dfb63e1a139a356c41b1998d8f862c85c9f33e1c9101b571349697"
  },
  "target": {
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:d90bba85-6345-47cd-a50d-7370b76ee1a6",
    "version": 1,
    "content_hash": "sha256:2007d0156c1e2ba3ed6efe4fa9e0d58335e3c385bfd698ee8ac94e556d43ed8e"
  },
  "published_grade": {
    "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1",
    "edition": "2026-10-28.1",
    "id": "shannon-bandlimited-sampling-1949",
    "entry_id": "shannon-bandlimited-sampling-1949",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "Shannon: reconstructing band-limited signals from samples",
    "context": "Signal processing and communication theory",
    "track": "Signal processing and communication theory",
    "band": "A",
    "modifier": null,
    "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
    "assessed_on": "2026-10-03",
    "evidence_cutoff": "2026-10-03",
    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "The paper formulates ideal reconstruction of bandlimited signals from sufficiently spaced samples and connects that representation to the geometry of communication signals.",
    "scope": "The paper formulates ideal reconstruction of bandlimited signals from sufficiently spaced samples and connects that representation to the geometry of communication signals. This record covers sampled signal representation and reconstruction. It does not count the 1948 entropy/capacity theory again or claim sole priority for sampling; Shannon cites earlier mathematical and communication work. Ideal bandwidth and reconstruction assumptions do not describe arbitrary finite recordings.",
    "evidence_summary": "Source-linked, scoped account of the original work. The published scope states the scientific assumptions and remaining verification limits. WRS has not independently certified the full proof, experimental result or system benchmark.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "Claude E. Shannon, Communication in the Presence of Noise (1949), IEEE 1998 reprint",
        "url": "https://webusers.imj-prg.fr/~antoine.chambert-loir/enseignement/2020-21/shannon/shannon1949.pdf",
        "locator": "Original linked work. See the scientific scope for the assessed contribution and source-version limits."
      }
    ],
    "roles": [
      {
        "who": "Claude E. Shannon",
        "did": "Original source-listed scientific author of this scoped work; byline does not determine effort fractions.",
        "credit": "SCIENCE"
      }
    ],
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:d90bba85-6345-47cd-a50d-7370b76ee1a6",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:2007d0156c1e2ba3ed6efe4fa9e0d58335e3c385bfd698ee8ac94e556d43ed8e"
    },
    "scientific_correctness_certified": false,
    "independent_expert_calibration": false,
    "method": "PROPRIETARY",
    "points": "125000"
  },
  "canonical_agent_submission": false,
  "scientific_verification_awarded": false,
  "reader_guide": null,
  "reading_status": "SOURCE_LINKED_NOTE"
}