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    "summary": "Salam presented a gauge model of weak and electromagnetic leptonic interactions in which spontaneous symmetry breaking supplies masses while preserving the electromagnetic field's massless mode.\n\nA common field-theoretic construction sought to account for weak and electromagnetic processes instead of simply inserting unrelated vector-boson masses. It includes neutral mixing and a scalar mass source, while explicitly leaving the hadronic extension and part of the renormalization argument unfinished.",
    "boundary": "The target is the 1968 sole-author proceedings paper 367–377, including its discussion, not all of electroweak theory. Glashow's earlier model, Ward's work, Higgs/Kibble's mechanism and Weinberg's nearly identical parallel development are explicit inherited/parallel contributions. Salam claims renormalizability, but the discussion at 376 says the dictionary to the conventional gauge formulation has not been worked out; this is not credited as the later full renormalizability proof. Hadronic interactions remain unsolved in the paper. No later boson discovery, precise modern parameters, or complete Standard Model is assigned to this target.",
    "area": "Electroweak gauge theory",
    "topic": "Physics",
    "year": 1968,
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        "title": "Abdus Salam, Weak and electromagnetic interactions, Elementary Particle Theory,367–377(1968), proceedings facsimile mirrored publicly",
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      "what_changed": "A1968 published construction joins weak/electromagnetic leptonic fields with neutral mixing and spontaneous breaking that produces massive modes while preserving a massless electromagnetic mode.",
      "scope": "A1968 published construction joins weak/electromagnetic leptonic fields with neutral mixing and spontaneous breaking that produces massive modes while preserving a massless electromagnetic mode. The target is the 1968 sole-author proceedings paper 367–377, including its discussion, not all of electroweak theory. Glashow's earlier model, Ward's work, Higgs/Kibble's mechanism and Weinberg's nearly identical parallel development are explicit inherited/parallel contributions. Salam claims renormalizability, but the discussion at 376 says the dictionary to the conventional gauge formulation has not been worked out; this is not credited as the later full renormalizability proof. Hadronic interactions remain unsolved in the paper. No later boson discovery, precise modern parameters, or complete Standard Model is assigned to this target.",
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        {
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          "source": {
            "citation": "INSPIRE53083: Salam's1968 sole-author proceedings contribution and later reprints",
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      "scope": {
        "description": "The target is the 1968 sole-author proceedings paper 367–377, including its discussion, not all of electroweak theory. Glashow's earlier model, Ward's work, Higgs/Kibble's mechanism and Weinberg's nearly identical parallel development are explicit inherited/parallel contributions. Salam claims renormalizability, but the discussion at 376 says the dictionary to the conventional gauge formulation has not been worked out; this is not credited as the later full renormalizability proof. Hadronic interactions remain unsolved in the paper. No later boson discovery, precise modern parameters, or complete Standard Model is assigned to this target.",
        "domain": "Electroweak gauge theory"
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      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "Abdus Salam, Weak and electromagnetic interactions, Elementary Particle Theory,367–377(1968), proceedings facsimile mirrored publicly",
          "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yousbot/Quantum-Papers/master/1968%20-%20A.%20Salam%2C%20Weak%20and%20Electromagnetic%20Interactions.pdf"
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        {
          "citation": "INSPIRE53083: Salam's1968 sole-author proceedings contribution and later reprints",
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      "statement": "# Salam: broken-gauge unification of leptonic interactions\n\nSalam presented a gauge model of weak and electromagnetic leptonic interactions in which spontaneous symmetry breaking supplies masses while preserving the electromagnetic field's massless mode.\n\nA common field-theoretic construction sought to account for weak and electromagnetic processes instead of simply inserting unrelated vector-boson masses. It includes neutral mixing and a scalar mass source, while explicitly leaving the hadronic extension and part of the renormalization argument unfinished.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe target is the 1968 sole-author proceedings paper 367–377, including its discussion, not all of electroweak theory. Glashow's earlier model, Ward's work, Higgs/Kibble's mechanism and Weinberg's nearly identical parallel development are explicit inherited/parallel contributions. Salam claims renormalizability, but the discussion at 376 says the dictionary to the conventional gauge formulation has not been worked out; this is not credited as the later full renormalizability proof. Hadronic interactions remain unsolved in the paper. No later boson discovery, precise modern parameters, or complete Standard Model is assigned to this target.\n\n## People and systems\n\nAbdus Salam\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Abdus Salam, Weak and electromagnetic interactions, Elementary Particle Theory,367–377(1968), proceedings facsimile mirrored publicly](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yousbot/Quantum-Papers/master/1968%20-%20A.%20Salam%2C%20Weak%20and%20Electromagnetic%20Interactions.pdf)\n- [INSPIRE53083: Salam's1968 sole-author proceedings contribution and later reprints](https://inspirehep.net/literature/53083)\n",
      "summary": "Salam presented a gauge model of weak and electromagnetic leptonic interactions in which spontaneous symmetry breaking supplies masses while preserving the electromagnetic field's massless mode.\n\nA common field-theoretic construction sought to account for weak and electromagnetic processes instead of simply inserting unrelated vector-boson masses. It includes neutral mixing and a scalar mass source, while explicitly leaving the hadronic extension and part of the renormalization argument unfinished.",
      "title": "Salam: broken-gauge unification of leptonic interactions"
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    "id": "salam-broken-gauge-leptonic-unification-1968",
    "entry_id": "salam-broken-gauge-leptonic-unification-1968",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "Salam: broken-gauge unification of leptonic interactions",
    "context": "Electroweak gauge theory",
    "track": "Electroweak gauge theory",
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    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "A1968 published construction joins weak/electromagnetic leptonic fields with neutral mixing and spontaneous breaking that produces massive modes while preserving a massless electromagnetic mode.",
    "scope": "A1968 published construction joins weak/electromagnetic leptonic fields with neutral mixing and spontaneous breaking that produces massive modes while preserving a massless electromagnetic mode. The target is the 1968 sole-author proceedings paper 367–377, including its discussion, not all of electroweak theory. Glashow's earlier model, Ward's work, Higgs/Kibble's mechanism and Weinberg's nearly identical parallel development are explicit inherited/parallel contributions. Salam claims renormalizability, but the discussion at 376 says the dictionary to the conventional gauge formulation has not been worked out; this is not credited as the later full renormalizability proof. Hadronic interactions remain unsolved in the paper. No later boson discovery, precise modern parameters, or complete Standard Model is assigned to this target.",
    "evidence_summary": "Source-linked, scoped account of the original work. The published scope states the scientific assumptions and remaining verification limits. WRS has not independently certified the full proof, experimental result or system benchmark.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "Abdus Salam, Weak and electromagnetic interactions, Elementary Particle Theory,367–377(1968), proceedings facsimile mirrored publicly",
        "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yousbot/Quantum-Papers/master/1968%20-%20A.%20Salam%2C%20Weak%20and%20Electromagnetic%20Interactions.pdf",
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        "title": "INSPIRE 53083: Salam's 1968 sole-author proceedings contribution and later reprints",
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