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      "statement": "# SQuAD and SQuAD 2.0: span extraction with answerability testing\n\nCreated crowdsourced questions over Wikipedia paragraphs with text-span answers, then added deliberately plausible unanswerable questions to require systems to abstain when the passage lacks an answer.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nSQuAD 2.0 combines filtered SQuAD 1.1 examples with new negative questions; it is not an independently authored replacement corpus. Answerability is defined relative to the supplied passage. Span overlap or abstention performance is not universal truthfulness or calibrated uncertainty.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nPranav Rajpurkar; Jian Zhang; Konstantin Lopyrev; Percy Liang; Robin Jia\n\nSource-listed authors or explicitly credited technical contributors for the cited versions. Family entries retain source-specific attribution; a combined list is not one original-paper byline or equal individual work. Names alone do not establish resolved identities.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Text](https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.05250v1)\n- [Know What You Don't Know: Unanswerable Questions for SQuAD](https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.03822v1)\n",
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