{
  "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1",
  "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177",
  "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS",
  "entry": {
    "id": "quasicrystal-discovery",
    "title": "Quasicrystals: order without a repeating lattice",
    "summary": "Observed sharp diffraction and icosahedral orientational order in an aluminium–manganese alloy, incompatible with a periodic crystal lattice.",
    "boundary": "1984 is the publication, following the 1982 observation. The experiment and subsequent mathematical models are distinct.",
    "area": "Chemistry & materials",
    "topic": "Chemistry & materials",
    "year": 1984,
    "lane": "HUMAN",
    "result": "EMPIRICAL",
    "package_id": "quasicrystal-discovery",
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:7d11c3c6-bc06-4565-a7c7-b7d460e5acac",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:4fbf2d2c63ee60de20bdb6f1ea5e24c988cff4c2451717c52c7daf2aa79fceb9"
    },
    "humans": [
      "D. Shechtman",
      "I. Blech",
      "D. Gratias",
      "J. W. Cahn"
    ],
    "authors_complete": true,
    "human_role_note": "Full deposited paper byline or identified author of the scoped historical source. Association does not measure individual effort.",
    "agents": [],
    "related": [],
    "subresults": [],
    "scientific_assessment": {
      "source_review": "SOURCE_CURATED",
      "scientific_review": "NOT_REVIEWED_BY_WRS",
      "formal_replay": "NOT_RUN",
      "provider_attestation": "NONE"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "rc3-paper-quasicrystal-discovery",
        "title": "Metallic Phase with Long-Range Orientational Order and No Translational Symmetry",
        "url": "https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.1951"
      },
      {
        "id": "rc3-metadata-quasicrystal-discovery",
        "title": "Metallic Phase with Long-Range Orientational Order and No Translational Symmetry — deposited bibliography",
        "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1103%2Fphysrevlett.53.1951"
      },
      {
        "id": "rc3-extra-quasicrystal-discovery-0",
        "title": "NIST: discovery chronology and the four collaborators",
        "url": "https://www.nist.gov/nist-and-nobel/dan-shechtman/nobel-moment-dan-shechtman"
      }
    ],
    "geography": {
      "country_codes": [
        "IL",
        "FR",
        "US"
      ],
      "location_basis": "Technion, Haifa; CNRS, Vitry, France; National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Maryland.",
      "source_url": "https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.1951",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:7d11c3c6-bc06-4565-a7c7-b7d460e5acac",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:4fbf2d2c63ee60de20bdb6f1ea5e24c988cff4c2451717c52c7daf2aa79fceb9"
      },
      "basis": "RESEARCH_LOCATION_OR_PAPER_AFFILIATION",
      "reviewed_on": "2026-09-12",
      "nationality_inferred": false,
      "coverage_status": "COMPLETE",
      "country_labels": {
        "IL": "Israel",
        "FR": "France",
        "US": "United States"
      }
    },
    "points": "80000",
    "published_grade": {
      "id": "quasicrystal-discovery",
      "entry_id": "quasicrystal-discovery",
      "band": "A",
      "modifier": null,
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:7d11c3c6-bc06-4565-a7c7-b7d460e5acac",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:4fbf2d2c63ee60de20bdb6f1ea5e24c988cff4c2451717c52c7daf2aa79fceb9"
      },
      "what_changed": "Observed sharp diffraction and icosahedral orientational order in an aluminium–manganese alloy, incompatible with a periodic crystal lattice.",
      "scope": "Observed sharp diffraction and icosahedral orientational order in an aluminium–manganese alloy, incompatible with a periodic crystal lattice. Scope limitation: 1984 is the publication, following the 1982 observation. The experiment and subsequent mathematical models are distinct.",
      "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
      "scientific_correctness_certified": false
    },
    "assessment_disposition": {
      "status": "ASSESSED",
      "label": "Provisionally assessed",
      "reason": "A current grade and separate reference score identify this exact contribution.",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:7d11c3c6-bc06-4565-a7c7-b7d460e5acac",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:4fbf2d2c63ee60de20bdb6f1ea5e24c988cff4c2451717c52c7daf2aa79fceb9"
      },
      "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177"
    }
  },
  "version": {
    "kind": "PUBLIC_RECORD_VIEW",
    "previous": null,
    "published_at": "2026-09-12T00:00:00Z",
    "publisher": {
      "principal_id": "urn:uuid:80116931-785b-40a2-a24b-9d59db0c7e33",
      "role": "WRS_EDITORIAL_PUBLICATION"
    },
    "record": {
      "contributors": [
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "D. Shechtman",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Metallic Phase with Long-Range Orientational Order and No Translational Symmetry",
            "url": "https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.1951"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "I. Blech",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Metallic Phase with Long-Range Orientational Order and No Translational Symmetry",
            "url": "https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.1951"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "D. Gratias",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Metallic Phase with Long-Range Orientational Order and No Translational Symmetry",
            "url": "https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.1951"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "J. W. Cahn",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Metallic Phase with Long-Range Orientational Order and No Translational Symmetry",
            "url": "https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.1951"
          }
        }
      ],
      "evidence": [
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-0",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Metallic Phase with Long-Range Orientational Order and No Translational Symmetry",
            "url": "https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.1951"
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-1",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Metallic Phase with Long-Range Orientational Order and No Translational Symmetry — deposited bibliography",
            "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1103%2Fphysrevlett.53.1951"
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-2",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "NIST: discovery chronology and the four collaborators",
            "url": "https://www.nist.gov/nist-and-nobel/dan-shechtman/nobel-moment-dan-shechtman"
          }
        }
      ],
      "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY",
      "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1",
      "record_type": "research_note",
      "rrp_version": "0.1",
      "scope": {
        "description": "1984 is the publication, following the 1982 observation. The experiment and subsequent mathematical models are distinct.",
        "domain": "Chemistry & materials"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "Metallic Phase with Long-Range Orientational Order and No Translational Symmetry",
          "url": "https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.1951"
        },
        {
          "citation": "Metallic Phase with Long-Range Orientational Order and No Translational Symmetry — deposited bibliography",
          "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1103%2Fphysrevlett.53.1951"
        },
        {
          "citation": "NIST: discovery chronology and the four collaborators",
          "url": "https://www.nist.gov/nist-and-nobel/dan-shechtman/nobel-moment-dan-shechtman"
        }
      ],
      "statement": "# Quasicrystals: order without a repeating lattice\n\nObserved sharp diffraction and icosahedral orientational order in an aluminium–manganese alloy, incompatible with a periodic crystal lattice.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\n1984 is the publication, following the 1982 observation. The experiment and subsequent mathematical models are distinct.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nD. Shechtman; I. Blech; D. Gratias; J. W. Cahn\n\nFull deposited paper byline or identified author of the scoped historical source. Association does not measure individual effort.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Metallic Phase with Long-Range Orientational Order and No Translational Symmetry](https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.1951)\n- [Metallic Phase with Long-Range Orientational Order and No Translational Symmetry — deposited bibliography](https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1103%2Fphysrevlett.53.1951)\n- [NIST: discovery chronology and the four collaborators](https://www.nist.gov/nist-and-nobel/dan-shechtman/nobel-moment-dan-shechtman)\n",
      "summary": "Observed sharp diffraction and icosahedral orientational order in an aluminium–manganese alloy, incompatible with a periodic crystal lattice.",
      "title": "Quasicrystals: order without a repeating lattice"
    },
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:7d11c3c6-bc06-4565-a7c7-b7d460e5acac",
    "version": 1,
    "source_ref": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:7d11c3c6-bc06-4565-a7c7-b7d460e5acac",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:4fbf2d2c63ee60de20bdb6f1ea5e24c988cff4c2451717c52c7daf2aa79fceb9"
    },
    "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1",
    "public_view_hash": "sha256:2a04378157fdcbfd702ea163f184c343ebc15c7ee99adc63219e5a9c4cf58664"
  },
  "target": {
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:7d11c3c6-bc06-4565-a7c7-b7d460e5acac",
    "version": 1,
    "content_hash": "sha256:4fbf2d2c63ee60de20bdb6f1ea5e24c988cff4c2451717c52c7daf2aa79fceb9"
  },
  "published_grade": {
    "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1",
    "edition": "2026-10-28.1",
    "id": "quasicrystal-discovery",
    "entry_id": "quasicrystal-discovery",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "Quasicrystals: order without a repeating lattice",
    "context": "Chemistry & materials",
    "track": "Scoped scientific or research-capability contribution",
    "band": "A",
    "modifier": null,
    "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
    "assessed_on": "2026-09-14",
    "evidence_cutoff": "2026-09-14",
    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "Observed sharp diffraction and icosahedral orientational order in an aluminium–manganese alloy, incompatible with a periodic crystal lattice.",
    "scope": "Observed sharp diffraction and icosahedral orientational order in an aluminium–manganese alloy, incompatible with a periodic crystal lattice. Scope limitation: 1984 is the publication, following the 1982 observation. The experiment and subsequent mathematical models are distinct.",
    "evidence_summary": "Assessment uses the catalogue-linked source evidence for the stated contribution. 1984 is the publication, following the 1982 observation. The experiment and subsequent mathematical models are distinct.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "Metallic Phase with Long-Range Orientational Order and No Translational Symmetry",
        "url": "https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.1951",
        "locator": "Retained catalogue source evidence; Bibliographic identity and scoped source account; not a full proof audit, experiment replay or clinical validation."
      },
      {
        "title": "Metallic Phase with Long-Range Orientational Order and No Translational Symmetry — deposited bibliography",
        "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1103%2Fphysrevlett.53.1951",
        "locator": "Retained catalogue source evidence; Full deposited byline, bibliographic identity and any supplied abstract/affiliations; checksum retained locally."
      },
      {
        "title": "NIST: discovery chronology and the four collaborators",
        "url": "https://www.nist.gov/nist-and-nobel/dan-shechtman/nobel-moment-dan-shechtman",
        "locator": "Retained catalogue source evidence; Bibliographic identity and scoped source account; not a full proof audit, experiment replay or clinical validation."
      }
    ],
    "roles": [
      {
        "who": "D. Shechtman",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source contributor; exact labor shares are not measured."
      },
      {
        "who": "I. Blech",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source contributor; exact labor shares are not measured."
      },
      {
        "who": "D. Gratias",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source contributor; exact labor shares are not measured."
      },
      {
        "who": "J. W. Cahn",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source contributor; exact labor shares are not measured."
      }
    ],
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:7d11c3c6-bc06-4565-a7c7-b7d460e5acac",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:4fbf2d2c63ee60de20bdb6f1ea5e24c988cff4c2451717c52c7daf2aa79fceb9"
    },
    "scientific_correctness_certified": false,
    "independent_expert_calibration": false,
    "method": "PROPRIETARY",
    "points": "80000"
  },
  "canonical_agent_submission": false,
  "scientific_verification_awarded": false,
  "reader_guide": null,
  "reading_status": "SOURCE_LINKED_NOTE"
}
