{ "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1", "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177", "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS", "entry": { "id": "merolla-et-al-truenorth-2014", "title": "IBM TrueNorth: scalable digital spiking-core chip", "summary": "Integrated programmable digital spiking cores, colocated memory/computation and event-routed intercore/interchip links in a million-unit silicon system.", "boundary": "Artificial computational units, not biological neurons or a demonstrated human brain model. Configurability is not unrestricted on-chip learning. Reported power belongs to the specified vision workload and operating conditions, not every network or a universal efficiency ratio. 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Family entries retain source-specific attribution; a combined list is not one original-paper byline or equal individual work. 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Cassidy", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface", "url": "https://nimam4.github.io/IBM_TrueNorth.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Jun Sawada", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface", "url": "https://nimam4.github.io/IBM_TrueNorth.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Filipp Akopyan", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface", "url": "https://nimam4.github.io/IBM_TrueNorth.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Bryan L. Jackson", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface", "url": "https://nimam4.github.io/IBM_TrueNorth.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Nabil Imam", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface", "url": "https://nimam4.github.io/IBM_TrueNorth.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Chen Guo", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface", "url": "https://nimam4.github.io/IBM_TrueNorth.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Yutaka Nakamura", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface", "url": "https://nimam4.github.io/IBM_TrueNorth.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Bernard Brezzo", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface", "url": "https://nimam4.github.io/IBM_TrueNorth.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Ivan Vo", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface", "url": "https://nimam4.github.io/IBM_TrueNorth.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Steven K. Esser", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface", "url": "https://nimam4.github.io/IBM_TrueNorth.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Rathinakumar Appuswamy", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface", "url": "https://nimam4.github.io/IBM_TrueNorth.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Brian Taba", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface", "url": "https://nimam4.github.io/IBM_TrueNorth.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Arnon Amir", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface", "url": "https://nimam4.github.io/IBM_TrueNorth.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Myron D. Flickner", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface", "url": "https://nimam4.github.io/IBM_TrueNorth.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "William P. Risk", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface", "url": "https://nimam4.github.io/IBM_TrueNorth.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Rajit Manohar", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface", "url": "https://nimam4.github.io/IBM_TrueNorth.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Dharmendra S. Modha", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface", "url": "https://nimam4.github.io/IBM_TrueNorth.pdf" } } ], "evidence": [ { "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification", "id": "source-0", "kind": "source_reference", "source": { "citation": "A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface", "url": "https://nimam4.github.io/IBM_TrueNorth.pdf" } }, { "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification", "id": "source-1", "kind": "source_reference", "source": { "citation": "IBM Research original TrueNorth publication account", "url": "https://research.ibm.com/publications/a-million-spiking-neuron-integrated-circuit-with-a-scalable-communication-network-and-interface" } } ], "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY", "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1", "record_type": "research_note", "rrp_version": "0.1", "scope": { "description": "Artificial computational units, not biological neurons or a demonstrated human brain model. Configurability is not unrestricted on-chip learning. Reported power belongs to the specified vision workload and operating conditions, not every network or a universal efficiency ratio. Off-chip scaling, finite connectivity and global discrete-time coordination remain resource constraints.", "domain": "Event-driven AI accelerators" }, "sources": [ { "citation": "A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface", "url": "https://nimam4.github.io/IBM_TrueNorth.pdf" }, { "citation": "IBM Research original TrueNorth publication account", "url": "https://research.ibm.com/publications/a-million-spiking-neuron-integrated-circuit-with-a-scalable-communication-network-and-interface" } ], "statement": "# IBM TrueNorth: scalable digital spiking-core chip\n\nIntegrated programmable digital spiking cores, colocated memory/computation and event-routed intercore/interchip links in a million-unit silicon system.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nArtificial computational units, not biological neurons or a demonstrated human brain model. Configurability is not unrestricted on-chip learning. Reported power belongs to the specified vision workload and operating conditions, not every network or a universal efficiency ratio. Off-chip scaling, finite connectivity and global discrete-time coordination remain resource constraints.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nPaul A. Merolla; John V. Arthur; Rodrigo Alvarez-Icaza; Andrew S. Cassidy; Jun Sawada; Filipp Akopyan; Bryan L. Jackson; Nabil Imam; Chen Guo; Yutaka Nakamura; Bernard Brezzo; Ivan Vo; Steven K. Esser; Rathinakumar Appuswamy; Brian Taba; Arnon Amir; Myron D. Flickner; William P. Risk; Rajit Manohar; Dharmendra S. Modha\n\nSource-listed authors or explicitly credited technical contributors for the cited versions. Family entries retain source-specific attribution; a combined list is not one original-paper byline or equal individual work. Names alone do not establish resolved identities.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface](https://nimam4.github.io/IBM_TrueNorth.pdf)\n- [IBM Research original TrueNorth publication account](https://research.ibm.com/publications/a-million-spiking-neuron-integrated-circuit-with-a-scalable-communication-network-and-interface)\n", "summary": "Integrated programmable digital spiking cores, colocated memory/computation and event-routed intercore/interchip links in a million-unit silicon system.", "title": "IBM TrueNorth: scalable digital spiking-core chip" }, "record_id": "urn:uuid:27a27a9c-09b9-44da-acd1-a065ea1fc060", "version": 1, "source_ref": { "record_id": "urn:uuid:27a27a9c-09b9-44da-acd1-a065ea1fc060", "version": 1, "content_hash": "sha256:a865f601e08103819cacce2dac728a2ab8e6d156f43ee44acbd88e80722347cd" }, "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1", "public_view_hash": "sha256:f7e67dec37379b3544324543b4a86d6536e8fb3d895ff7036cdc9cfe4830af48" }, "target": { "record_id": "urn:uuid:27a27a9c-09b9-44da-acd1-a065ea1fc060", "version": 1, "content_hash": "sha256:a865f601e08103819cacce2dac728a2ab8e6d156f43ee44acbd88e80722347cd" }, "published_grade": { "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1", "edition": "2026-10-28.1", "id": "merolla-et-al-truenorth-2014", "entry_id": "merolla-et-al-truenorth-2014", "revision": 1, "title": "IBM TrueNorth: scalable digital spiking-core chip", "context": "Event-driven AI accelerators", "track": "Human-designed research method or resource", "band": "A", "modifier": null, "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL", "assessed_on": "2026-10-16", "evidence_cutoff": "2026-10-16", "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT", "what_changed": "Integrated programmable digital spiking cores, colocated memory/computation and event-routed intercore/interchip links in a million-unit silicon system.", "scope": "Integrated programmable digital spiking cores, colocated memory/computation and event-routed intercore/interchip links in a million-unit silicon system. Artificial computational units, not biological neurons or a demonstrated human brain model. Configurability is not unrestricted on-chip learning. Reported power belongs to the specified vision workload and operating conditions, not every network or a universal efficiency ratio. Off-chip scaling, finite connectivity and global discrete-time coordination remain resource constraints.", "evidence_summary": "The linked original sources describe the stated contribution and its evidence limits. WRS has not independently rerun the experiments or certified a proof. Artificial computational units, not biological neurons or a demonstrated human brain model. Configurability is not unrestricted on-chip learning. Reported power belongs to the specified vision workload and operating conditions, not every network or a universal efficiency ratio. Off-chip scaling, finite connectivity and global discrete-time coordination remain resource constraints.", "references": [ { "title": "A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface", "url": "https://nimam4.github.io/IBM_TrueNorth.pdf", "locator": "Original contribution and stated assumptions, evaluation scope and limitations; source-linked assessment, not independent execution or proof certification." }, { "title": "IBM Research original TrueNorth publication account", "url": "https://research.ibm.com/publications/a-million-spiking-neuron-integrated-circuit-with-a-scalable-communication-network-and-interface", "locator": "Original contribution and stated assumptions, evaluation scope and limitations; source-linked assessment, not independent execution or proof certification." } ], "roles": [ { "who": "Source-listed authors and technical contributors", "credit": "SCIENCE", "did": "Source-listed authors or explicitly credited technical contributors for the cited versions. 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