{
  "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1",
  "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177",
  "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS",
  "entry": {
    "id": "kidney-identical-twin-transplant",
    "title": "A functioning kidney transplant between identical twins",
    "summary": "The clinical team reported a successful kidney transplant between identical twins. It demonstrated that a transplanted human kidney could sustain function in a setting that greatly reduced the immunological barrier.",
    "boundary": "Identical twins are a special compatibility case. The operation did not solve rejection for unrelated donors. The four-person publication byline is restored from the original journal and PubMed; the DOI deposit alone lists only Merrill.",
    "area": "Transplantation medicine",
    "topic": "Life & medicine",
    "year": 1954,
    "date_label": "1954 operation; 1956 report",
    "lane": "HUMAN",
    "result": "EMPIRICAL",
    "package_id": "kidney-identical-twin-transplant",
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:7eec7e15-b0be-47b5-a597-ea3aaf615ad7",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:8219a3cc8290755bc9efe21770448836ab71739072294765525a447a554e8c8b"
    },
    "humans": [
      "J. P. Merrill",
      "J. E. Murray",
      "J. H. Harrison",
      "W. R. Guild"
    ],
    "authors_complete": true,
    "human_role_note": "Source-paper byline retained. This is not a complete roster of a lifetime project or verified unique person identities.",
    "agents": [],
    "related": [],
    "subresults": [],
    "scientific_assessment": {
      "source_review": "SOURCE_CURATED",
      "scientific_review": "NOT_REVIEWED_BY_WRS",
      "formal_replay": "NOT_RUN",
      "provider_attestation": "NONE"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "hf13-paper-kidney-identical-twin-transplant",
        "title": "SUCCESSFUL HOMOTRANSPLANTATION OF THE HUMAN KIDNEY BETWEEN IDENTICAL TWINS",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1956.02960390027008"
      },
      {
        "id": "hf13-metadata-kidney-identical-twin-transplant",
        "title": "SUCCESSFUL HOMOTRANSPLANTATION OF THE HUMAN KIDNEY BETWEEN IDENTICAL TWINS — deposited bibliography",
        "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1001%2Fjama.1956.02960390027008"
      },
      {
        "id": "hf13-reading-kidney-identical-twin-transplant-0",
        "title": "Merrill, Murray, Harrison and Guild: original JAMA report",
        "url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/303865"
      },
      {
        "id": "hf13-reading-kidney-identical-twin-transplant-1",
        "title": "Original kidney-transplant report — indexed byline",
        "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13278189/"
      },
      {
        "id": "hf13-reading-kidney-identical-twin-transplant-2",
        "title": "Transplantation — A Medical Miracle of the 20th Century",
        "url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMp048256"
      }
    ],
    "geography": {
      "country_codes": [
        "US"
      ],
      "location_basis": "Documented research locations or paper affiliations for this contribution. Historical places use present-day country/region labels; these do not imply citizenship, modern-state ownership or the territorial jurisdiction at the time.",
      "source_url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/303865",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:7eec7e15-b0be-47b5-a597-ea3aaf615ad7",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:8219a3cc8290755bc9efe21770448836ab71739072294765525a447a554e8c8b"
      },
      "basis": "RESEARCH_LOCATION_OR_PAPER_AFFILIATION",
      "reviewed_on": "2026-09-26",
      "nationality_inferred": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Attribution source",
          "url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/303865"
        }
      ],
      "coverage_status": "COMPLETE",
      "country_labels": {
        "US": "United States"
      }
    },
    "points": "45000",
    "published_grade": {
      "id": "kidney-identical-twin-transplant",
      "entry_id": "kidney-identical-twin-transplant",
      "band": "B",
      "modifier": null,
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:7eec7e15-b0be-47b5-a597-ea3aaf615ad7",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:8219a3cc8290755bc9efe21770448836ab71739072294765525a447a554e8c8b"
      },
      "what_changed": "The clinical team reported a successful kidney transplant between identical twins. It demonstrated that a transplanted human kidney could sustain function in a setting that greatly reduced the immunological barrier.",
      "scope": "The clinical team reported a successful kidney transplant between identical twins. It demonstrated that a transplanted human kidney could sustain function in a setting that greatly reduced the immunological barrier. Scope limitation: Identical twins are a special compatibility case. The operation did not solve rejection for unrelated donors. The four-person publication byline is restored from the original journal and PubMed; the DOI deposit alone lists only Merrill.",
      "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
      "scientific_correctness_certified": false
    },
    "assessment_disposition": {
      "status": "ASSESSED",
      "label": "Provisionally assessed",
      "reason": "A current grade and separate reference score identify this exact contribution.",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:7eec7e15-b0be-47b5-a597-ea3aaf615ad7",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:8219a3cc8290755bc9efe21770448836ab71739072294765525a447a554e8c8b"
      },
      "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177"
    }
  },
  "version": {
    "kind": "PUBLIC_RECORD_VIEW",
    "previous": null,
    "published_at": "2026-09-13T00:00:00Z",
    "publisher": {
      "principal_id": "urn:uuid:80116931-785b-40a2-a24b-9d59db0c7e33",
      "role": "WRS_EDITORIAL_PUBLICATION"
    },
    "record": {
      "contributors": [
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "J. P. Merrill",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "SUCCESSFUL HOMOTRANSPLANTATION OF THE HUMAN KIDNEY BETWEEN IDENTICAL TWINS",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1956.02960390027008"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "J. E. Murray",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "SUCCESSFUL HOMOTRANSPLANTATION OF THE HUMAN KIDNEY BETWEEN IDENTICAL TWINS",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1956.02960390027008"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "J. H. Harrison",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "SUCCESSFUL HOMOTRANSPLANTATION OF THE HUMAN KIDNEY BETWEEN IDENTICAL TWINS",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1956.02960390027008"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "W. R. Guild",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "SUCCESSFUL HOMOTRANSPLANTATION OF THE HUMAN KIDNEY BETWEEN IDENTICAL TWINS",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1956.02960390027008"
          }
        }
      ],
      "evidence": [
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-0",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "SUCCESSFUL HOMOTRANSPLANTATION OF THE HUMAN KIDNEY BETWEEN IDENTICAL TWINS",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1956.02960390027008"
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-1",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "SUCCESSFUL HOMOTRANSPLANTATION OF THE HUMAN KIDNEY BETWEEN IDENTICAL TWINS — deposited bibliography",
            "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1001%2Fjama.1956.02960390027008"
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-2",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Merrill, Murray, Harrison and Guild: original JAMA report",
            "url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/303865"
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-3",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Original kidney-transplant report — indexed byline",
            "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13278189/"
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-4",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Transplantation — A Medical Miracle of the 20th Century",
            "url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMp048256"
          }
        }
      ],
      "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY",
      "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1",
      "record_type": "research_note",
      "rrp_version": "0.1",
      "scope": {
        "description": "Identical twins are a special compatibility case. The operation did not solve rejection for unrelated donors. The four-person publication byline is restored from the original journal and PubMed; the DOI deposit alone lists only Merrill.",
        "domain": "Transplantation medicine"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "SUCCESSFUL HOMOTRANSPLANTATION OF THE HUMAN KIDNEY BETWEEN IDENTICAL TWINS",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1956.02960390027008"
        },
        {
          "citation": "SUCCESSFUL HOMOTRANSPLANTATION OF THE HUMAN KIDNEY BETWEEN IDENTICAL TWINS — deposited bibliography",
          "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1001%2Fjama.1956.02960390027008"
        },
        {
          "citation": "Merrill, Murray, Harrison and Guild: original JAMA report",
          "url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/303865"
        },
        {
          "citation": "Original kidney-transplant report — indexed byline",
          "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13278189/"
        },
        {
          "citation": "Transplantation — A Medical Miracle of the 20th Century",
          "url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMp048256"
        }
      ],
      "statement": "# A functioning kidney transplant between identical twins\n\nThe clinical team reported a successful kidney transplant between identical twins. It demonstrated that a transplanted human kidney could sustain function in a setting that greatly reduced the immunological barrier.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nIdentical twins are a special compatibility case. The operation did not solve rejection for unrelated donors. The four-person publication byline is restored from the original journal and PubMed; the DOI deposit alone lists only Merrill.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nJ. P. Merrill; J. E. Murray; J. H. Harrison; W. R. Guild\n\nSource-paper byline retained. This is not a complete roster of a lifetime project or verified unique person identities.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [SUCCESSFUL HOMOTRANSPLANTATION OF THE HUMAN KIDNEY BETWEEN IDENTICAL TWINS](https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1956.02960390027008)\n- [SUCCESSFUL HOMOTRANSPLANTATION OF THE HUMAN KIDNEY BETWEEN IDENTICAL TWINS — deposited bibliography](https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1001%2Fjama.1956.02960390027008)\n- [Merrill, Murray, Harrison and Guild: original JAMA report](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/303865)\n- [Original kidney-transplant report — indexed byline](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13278189/)\n- [Transplantation — A Medical Miracle of the 20th Century](https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMp048256)\n",
      "summary": "The clinical team reported a successful kidney transplant between identical twins. It demonstrated that a transplanted human kidney could sustain function in a setting that greatly reduced the immunological barrier.",
      "title": "A functioning kidney transplant between identical twins"
    },
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:7eec7e15-b0be-47b5-a597-ea3aaf615ad7",
    "version": 1,
    "source_ref": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:7eec7e15-b0be-47b5-a597-ea3aaf615ad7",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:8219a3cc8290755bc9efe21770448836ab71739072294765525a447a554e8c8b"
    },
    "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1",
    "public_view_hash": "sha256:674e307bc9eb2ce14c34610506106a8fc249e15171ec534e2b38d182592c2518"
  },
  "target": {
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:7eec7e15-b0be-47b5-a597-ea3aaf615ad7",
    "version": 1,
    "content_hash": "sha256:8219a3cc8290755bc9efe21770448836ab71739072294765525a447a554e8c8b"
  },
  "published_grade": {
    "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1",
    "edition": "2026-10-28.1",
    "id": "kidney-identical-twin-transplant",
    "entry_id": "kidney-identical-twin-transplant",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "A functioning kidney transplant between identical twins",
    "context": "Transplantation medicine",
    "track": "Scoped scientific or research-capability contribution",
    "band": "B",
    "modifier": null,
    "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
    "assessed_on": "2026-09-14",
    "evidence_cutoff": "2026-09-14",
    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "The clinical team reported a successful kidney transplant between identical twins. It demonstrated that a transplanted human kidney could sustain function in a setting that greatly reduced the immunological barrier.",
    "scope": "The clinical team reported a successful kidney transplant between identical twins. It demonstrated that a transplanted human kidney could sustain function in a setting that greatly reduced the immunological barrier. Scope limitation: Identical twins are a special compatibility case. The operation did not solve rejection for unrelated donors. The four-person publication byline is restored from the original journal and PubMed; the DOI deposit alone lists only Merrill.",
    "evidence_summary": "Assessment uses the catalogue-linked source evidence for the stated contribution. Identical twins are a special compatibility case. The operation did not solve rejection for unrelated donors. The four-person publication byline is restored from the original journal and PubMed; the DOI deposit alone lists only Merrill.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "SUCCESSFUL HOMOTRANSPLANTATION OF THE HUMAN KIDNEY BETWEEN IDENTICAL TWINS",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1956.02960390027008",
        "locator": "Retained catalogue source evidence; Exact DOI and deposited bibliography; content-reading scope is recorded on the accompanying sources."
      },
      {
        "title": "SUCCESSFUL HOMOTRANSPLANTATION OF THE HUMAN KIDNEY BETWEEN IDENTICAL TWINS — deposited bibliography",
        "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1001%2Fjama.1956.02960390027008",
        "locator": "Retained catalogue source evidence; Retained response bytes and source byline; deposits can omit authors and reprint dates differ from original contribution dates."
      },
      {
        "title": "Merrill, Murray, Harrison and Guild: original JAMA report",
        "url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/303865",
        "locator": "Retained catalogue source evidence; Four-author citation and report scope."
      },
      {
        "title": "Original kidney-transplant report — indexed byline",
        "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13278189/",
        "locator": "Retained catalogue source evidence; Independent bibliographic cross-check of all four author positions and the 1956 publication date."
      },
      {
        "title": "Transplantation — A Medical Miracle of the 20th Century",
        "url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMp048256",
        "locator": "Retained catalogue source evidence; Historical account supplies the operation date, 23 December 1954; separate from the original 1956 report."
      }
    ],
    "roles": [
      {
        "who": "J. P. Merrill",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source contributor; exact labor shares are not measured."
      },
      {
        "who": "J. E. Murray",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source contributor; exact labor shares are not measured."
      },
      {
        "who": "J. H. Harrison",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source contributor; exact labor shares are not measured."
      },
      {
        "who": "W. R. Guild",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source contributor; exact labor shares are not measured."
      }
    ],
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:7eec7e15-b0be-47b5-a597-ea3aaf615ad7",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:8219a3cc8290755bc9efe21770448836ab71739072294765525a447a554e8c8b"
    },
    "scientific_correctness_certified": false,
    "independent_expert_calibration": false,
    "method": "PROPRIETARY",
    "points": "45000"
  },
  "canonical_agent_submission": false,
  "scientific_verification_awarded": false,
  "reader_guide": null,
  "reading_status": "SOURCE_LINKED_NOTE"
}
