{ "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1", "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177", "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS", "entry": { "id": "kamland-geological-antineutrino-study-2005", "title": "KamLAND investigates antineutrinos produced inside Earth", "summary": "KamLAND analyzed low-energy antineutrino candidates to investigate uranium- and thorium-chain radioactivity inside Earth. With an assumed thorium-to-uranium mass ratio of 3.9, its spectral fit gave a 90% confidence interval of 4.5–54.2 geoneutrino events and an Earth-model-dependent upper limit on uranium- and thorium-decay heat.", "boundary": "The 152 candidates include substantial reactor and detector backgrounds; individual events were not uniquely tagged as geological. The quoted 60 TW radiogenic-power bound is at 99% confidence under the paper’s reference Earth model, while the event interval is at 90%; potassium-40 antineutrinos lie below the detector threshold. The early constraint is not a measurement of all terrestrial heat or a direct three-dimensional map.", "area": "Neutrino physics", "topic": "Physics", "year": 2005, "lane": "HUMAN", "result": "EMPIRICAL", "package_id": "kamland-geological-antineutrino-study-2005", "target": { "record_id": "urn:uuid:9a31f389-c9a6-4920-a092-7e13b6306fe4", "version": 1, "content_hash": "sha256:2ffc574fe2cd7ea4458ab0d6f0c31aac64cc386ebf91ef71f944efb9e494997d" }, "humans": [ "T. Araki", "S. Enomoto", "K. Furuno" ], "authors_complete": false, "human_role_note": "These are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged.", "agents": [], "related": [], "subresults": [], "scientific_assessment": { "source_review": "SOURCE_CURATED", "scientific_review": "NOT_REVIEWED_BY_WRS", "formal_replay": "NOT_RUN", "provider_attestation": "NONE" }, "sources": [ { "id": "kamland-geological-antineutrinos-2005-nature", "title": "Experimental investigation of geologically produced antineutrinos with KamLAND", "url": "https://www.awa.tohoku.ac.jp/KamGeo/Contact_%26_Links_files/Nature_Araki_2005.pdf", "date": "2005-07-28" } ], "points": "110000", "published_grade": { "id": "kamland-geological-antineutrino-study-2005", "entry_id": "kamland-geological-antineutrino-study-2005", "band": "A", "modifier": null, "target": { "record_id": "urn:uuid:9a31f389-c9a6-4920-a092-7e13b6306fe4", "version": 1, "content_hash": "sha256:2ffc574fe2cd7ea4458ab0d6f0c31aac64cc386ebf91ef71f944efb9e494997d" }, "what_changed": "KamLAND analyzed low-energy antineutrino candidates to investigate uranium- and thorium-chain radioactivity inside Earth. With an assumed thorium-to-uranium mass ratio of 3.9, its spectral fit gave a 90% confidence interval of 4.5–54.2 geoneutrino events and an Earth-model-dependent upper limit on uranium- and thorium-decay heat.", "scope": "KamLAND analyzed low-energy antineutrino candidates to investigate uranium- and thorium-chain radioactivity inside Earth. With an assumed thorium-to-uranium mass ratio of 3.9, its spectral fit gave a 90% confidence interval of 4.5–54.2 geoneutrino events and an Earth-model-dependent upper limit on uranium- and thorium-decay heat. The 152 candidates include substantial reactor and detector backgrounds; individual events were not uniquely tagged as geological. The quoted 60 TW radiogenic-power bound is at 99% confidence under the paper’s reference Earth model, while the event interval is at 90%; potassium-40 antineutrinos lie below the detector threshold. 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Araki", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "Experimental investigation of geologically produced antineutrinos with KamLAND", "url": "https://www.awa.tohoku.ac.jp/KamGeo/Contact_%26_Links_files/Nature_Araki_2005.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "S. Enomoto", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "Experimental investigation of geologically produced antineutrinos with KamLAND", "url": "https://www.awa.tohoku.ac.jp/KamGeo/Contact_%26_Links_files/Nature_Araki_2005.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "K. Furuno", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "Experimental investigation of geologically produced antineutrinos with KamLAND", "url": "https://www.awa.tohoku.ac.jp/KamGeo/Contact_%26_Links_files/Nature_Araki_2005.pdf" } } ], "evidence": [ { "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification", "id": "source-0", "kind": "source_reference", "source": { "citation": "Experimental investigation of geologically produced antineutrinos with KamLAND", "url": "https://www.awa.tohoku.ac.jp/KamGeo/Contact_%26_Links_files/Nature_Araki_2005.pdf" } } ], "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY", "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1", "record_type": "research_note", "rrp_version": "0.1", "scope": { "description": "The 152 candidates include substantial reactor and detector backgrounds; individual events were not uniquely tagged as geological. The quoted 60 TW radiogenic-power bound is at 99% confidence under the paper’s reference Earth model, while the event interval is at 90%; potassium-40 antineutrinos lie below the detector threshold. The early constraint is not a measurement of all terrestrial heat or a direct three-dimensional map.", "domain": "Neutrino physics" }, "sources": [ { "citation": "Experimental investigation of geologically produced antineutrinos with KamLAND", "url": "https://www.awa.tohoku.ac.jp/KamGeo/Contact_%26_Links_files/Nature_Araki_2005.pdf" } ], "statement": "# KamLAND investigates antineutrinos produced inside Earth\n\nKamLAND analyzed low-energy antineutrino candidates to investigate uranium- and thorium-chain radioactivity inside Earth. With an assumed thorium-to-uranium mass ratio of 3.9, its spectral fit gave a 90% confidence interval of 4.5–54.2 geoneutrino events and an Earth-model-dependent upper limit on uranium- and thorium-decay heat.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe 152 candidates include substantial reactor and detector backgrounds; individual events were not uniquely tagged as geological. The quoted 60 TW radiogenic-power bound is at 99% confidence under the paper’s reference Earth model, while the event interval is at 90%; potassium-40 antineutrinos lie below the detector threshold. The early constraint is not a measurement of all terrestrial heat or a direct three-dimensional map.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nT. Araki; S. Enomoto; K. Furuno\n\nThese are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Experimental investigation of geologically produced antineutrinos with KamLAND](https://www.awa.tohoku.ac.jp/KamGeo/Contact_%26_Links_files/Nature_Araki_2005.pdf)\n", "summary": "KamLAND analyzed low-energy antineutrino candidates to investigate uranium- and thorium-chain radioactivity inside Earth. With an assumed thorium-to-uranium mass ratio of 3.9, its spectral fit gave a 90% confidence interval of 4.5–54.2 geoneutrino events and an Earth-model-dependent upper limit on uranium- and thorium-decay heat.", "title": "KamLAND investigates antineutrinos produced inside Earth" }, "record_id": "urn:uuid:9a31f389-c9a6-4920-a092-7e13b6306fe4", "version": 1, "source_ref": { "record_id": "urn:uuid:9a31f389-c9a6-4920-a092-7e13b6306fe4", "version": 1, "content_hash": "sha256:2ffc574fe2cd7ea4458ab0d6f0c31aac64cc386ebf91ef71f944efb9e494997d" }, "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1", "public_view_hash": "sha256:da3f08000061c483362977889363963d8546b3f9a35ecad3e2034ae300e85f2a" }, "target": { "record_id": "urn:uuid:9a31f389-c9a6-4920-a092-7e13b6306fe4", "version": 1, "content_hash": "sha256:2ffc574fe2cd7ea4458ab0d6f0c31aac64cc386ebf91ef71f944efb9e494997d" }, "published_grade": { "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1", "edition": "2026-10-28.1", "id": "kamland-geological-antineutrino-study-2005", "entry_id": "kamland-geological-antineutrino-study-2005", "revision": 1, "title": "KamLAND investigates antineutrinos produced inside Earth", "context": "Neutrino physics", "track": "Source-reported experimental result or reusable measurement method", "band": "A", "modifier": null, "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL", "assessed_on": "2026-10-28", "evidence_cutoff": "2026-10-28", "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT", "what_changed": "KamLAND analyzed low-energy antineutrino candidates to investigate uranium- and thorium-chain radioactivity inside Earth. With an assumed thorium-to-uranium mass ratio of 3.9, its spectral fit gave a 90% confidence interval of 4.5–54.2 geoneutrino events and an Earth-model-dependent upper limit on uranium- and thorium-decay heat.", "scope": "KamLAND analyzed low-energy antineutrino candidates to investigate uranium- and thorium-chain radioactivity inside Earth. With an assumed thorium-to-uranium mass ratio of 3.9, its spectral fit gave a 90% confidence interval of 4.5–54.2 geoneutrino events and an Earth-model-dependent upper limit on uranium- and thorium-decay heat. The 152 candidates include substantial reactor and detector backgrounds; individual events were not uniquely tagged as geological. The quoted 60 TW radiogenic-power bound is at 99% confidence under the paper’s reference Earth model, while the event interval is at 90%; potassium-40 antineutrinos lie below the detector threshold. The early constraint is not a measurement of all terrestrial heat or a direct three-dimensional map.", "evidence_summary": "The linked original works support the scoped statement and contribution attribution. WRS has not independently replayed experiments or reconstructed a full mathematical proof. The 152 candidates include substantial reactor and detector backgrounds; individual events were not uniquely tagged as geological. The quoted 60 TW radiogenic-power bound is at 99% confidence under the paper’s reference Earth model, while the event interval is at 90%; potassium-40 antineutrinos lie below the detector threshold. The early constraint is not a measurement of all terrestrial heat or a direct three-dimensional map.", "references": [ { "title": "Experimental investigation of geologically produced antineutrinos with KamLAND", "url": "https://www.awa.tohoku.ac.jp/KamGeo/Contact_%26_Links_files/Nature_Araki_2005.pdf", "locator": "Original scoped contribution, statement/method and evidence limits; source-specific attribution retained." } ], "roles": [ { "who": "The named authors in the research record", "credit": "SCIENCE", "did": "These are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged." } ], "target": { "record_id": "urn:uuid:9a31f389-c9a6-4920-a092-7e13b6306fe4", "version": 1, "content_hash": "sha256:2ffc574fe2cd7ea4458ab0d6f0c31aac64cc386ebf91ef71f944efb9e494997d" }, "scientific_correctness_certified": false, "independent_expert_calibration": false, "method": "PROPRIETARY", "points": "110000" }, "canonical_agent_submission": false, "scientific_verification_awarded": false, "reader_guide": null, "reading_status": "SOURCE_LINKED_NOTE" }