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    "title": "Galaxy ages trace the cosmic expansion history",
    "summary": "Jimenez, Verde, Treu and Stern used the upper age envelope of selected SDSS galaxies to estimate the low-redshift expansion rate, finding H₀ = 69 ± 12 km s⁻¹ Mpc⁻¹ in their 2003 analysis. Simon, Verde and Jimenez subsequently combined selected galaxy spectra, including previously analyzed objects and new survey data, to estimate H(z) at nine redshifts and fit a parameterized dark-energy potential; the resulting potential was consistent with a constant within the stated uncertainties.",
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    "area": "Observational cosmology",
    "topic": "Physics",
    "year": 2003,
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        "description": "Stellar ages depend on population-synthesis fits, passive-evolution assumptions and galaxy selection, not direct clocks. The 2003 low-redshift fit extends to z = 0.17 at effective z = 0.09 and uses an approximately 4% extrapolation to H₀ in its reference cosmology. The later work reuses earlier galaxy data and the earlier low-redshift determination; the two are not independent detections. Its galaxy sample is small, and dark-energy potential reconstruction assumes spatial flatness, chosen parameterization and matter-density priors. Consistency with a constant potential does not exclude evolution. Forecasts for future surveys are not achieved results.",
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          "citation": "Constraints on the redshift dependence of the dark energy potential",
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      "statement": "# Galaxy ages trace the cosmic expansion history\n\nJimenez, Verde, Treu and Stern used the upper age envelope of selected SDSS galaxies to estimate the low-redshift expansion rate, finding H₀ = 69 ± 12 km s⁻¹ Mpc⁻¹ in their 2003 analysis. Simon, Verde and Jimenez subsequently combined selected galaxy spectra, including previously analyzed objects and new survey data, to estimate H(z) at nine redshifts and fit a parameterized dark-energy potential; the resulting potential was consistent with a constant within the stated uncertainties.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nStellar ages depend on population-synthesis fits, passive-evolution assumptions and galaxy selection, not direct clocks. The 2003 low-redshift fit extends to z = 0.17 at effective z = 0.09 and uses an approximately 4% extrapolation to H₀ in its reference cosmology. The later work reuses earlier galaxy data and the earlier low-redshift determination; the two are not independent detections. Its galaxy sample is small, and dark-energy potential reconstruction assumes spatial flatness, chosen parameterization and matter-density priors. Consistency with a constant potential does not exclude evolution. Forecasts for future surveys are not achieved results.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nRaul Jimenez; Licia Verde; Tommaso Treu; Daniel Stern; Joan Simon\n\nThese are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Constraints on the equation of state of dark energy and the Hubble constant from stellar ages and the CMB](https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0302560v1)\n- [Constraints on the redshift dependence of the dark energy potential](https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0412269v1)\n",
      "summary": "Jimenez, Verde, Treu and Stern used the upper age envelope of selected SDSS galaxies to estimate the low-redshift expansion rate, finding H₀ = 69 ± 12 km s⁻¹ Mpc⁻¹ in their 2003 analysis. Simon, Verde and Jimenez subsequently combined selected galaxy spectra, including previously analyzed objects and new survey data, to estimate H(z) at nine redshifts and fit a parameterized dark-energy potential; the resulting potential was consistent with a constant within the stated uncertainties.",
      "title": "Galaxy ages trace the cosmic expansion history"
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    "what_changed": "Jimenez, Verde, Treu and Stern used the upper age envelope of selected SDSS galaxies to estimate the low-redshift expansion rate, finding H₀ = 69 ± 12 km s⁻¹ Mpc⁻¹ in their 2003 analysis. Simon, Verde and Jimenez subsequently combined selected galaxy spectra, including previously analyzed objects and new survey data, to estimate H(z) at nine redshifts and fit a parameterized dark-energy potential; the resulting potential was consistent with a constant within the stated uncertainties.",
    "scope": "Jimenez, Verde, Treu and Stern used the upper age envelope of selected SDSS galaxies to estimate the low-redshift expansion rate, finding H₀ = 69 ± 12 km s⁻¹ Mpc⁻¹ in their 2003 analysis. Simon, Verde and Jimenez subsequently combined selected galaxy spectra, including previously analyzed objects and new survey data, to estimate H(z) at nine redshifts and fit a parameterized dark-energy potential; the resulting potential was consistent with a constant within the stated uncertainties. Stellar ages depend on population-synthesis fits, passive-evolution assumptions and galaxy selection, not direct clocks. The 2003 low-redshift fit extends to z = 0.17 at effective z = 0.09 and uses an approximately 4% extrapolation to H₀ in its reference cosmology. The later work reuses earlier galaxy data and the earlier low-redshift determination; the two are not independent detections. Its galaxy sample is small, and dark-energy potential reconstruction assumes spatial flatness, chosen parameterization and matter-density priors. Consistency with a constant potential does not exclude evolution. Forecasts for future surveys are not achieved results.",
    "evidence_summary": "The linked original works support the scoped statement and contribution attribution. WRS has not independently replayed experiments or reconstructed a full mathematical proof. Stellar ages depend on population-synthesis fits, passive-evolution assumptions and galaxy selection, not direct clocks. The 2003 low-redshift fit extends to z = 0.17 at effective z = 0.09 and uses an approximately 4% extrapolation to H₀ in its reference cosmology. The later work reuses earlier galaxy data and the earlier low-redshift determination; the two are not independent detections. Its galaxy sample is small, and dark-energy potential reconstruction assumes spatial flatness, chosen parameterization and matter-density priors. Consistency with a constant potential does not exclude evolution. Forecasts for future surveys are not achieved results.",
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