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    "title": "HERA constrains early-universe 21 cm fluctuations",
    "summary": "HERA analyzed 94 selected nights of Phase I observations and reported 95% upper limits on the dimensionless 21 cm brightness-temperature fluctuation power of 457 mK² at redshift 7.9 and wave number 0.34 h/Mpc, and 3,496 mK² at redshift 10.4 and 0.36 h/Mpc. The analysis also explored implications for astrophysical heating under specified models.",
    "boundary": "These are upper limits, not a positive detection of the 21 cm power spectrum. The 94 nights include the earlier 18-night sample; they are not independent observations for counting purposes. Foreground avoidance, calibration, crosstalk mitigation and estimated signal-loss corrections affect the result. Heating and reionization implications depend on model families, priors and external data; the power-spectrum upper limits and model-specific Bayesian credible limits are distinct. This interferometric fluctuation measurement is not the global-sky spectrum measured by EDGES or SARAS.",
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        "title": "Improved Constraints on the 21 cm EoR Power Spectrum and the X-Ray Heating of the IGM with HERA Phase I Observations",
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      "scope": "HERA analyzed 94 selected nights of Phase I observations and reported 95% upper limits on the dimensionless 21 cm brightness-temperature fluctuation power of 457 mK² at redshift 7.9 and wave number 0.34 h/Mpc, and 3,496 mK² at redshift 10.4 and 0.36 h/Mpc. The analysis also explored implications for astrophysical heating under specified models. These are upper limits, not a positive detection of the 21 cm power spectrum. The 94 nights include the earlier 18-night sample; they are not independent observations for counting purposes. Foreground avoidance, calibration, crosstalk mitigation and estimated signal-loss corrections affect the result. Heating and reionization implications depend on model families, priors and external data; the power-spectrum upper limits and model-specific Bayesian credible limits are distinct. This interferometric fluctuation measurement is not the global-sky spectrum measured by EDGES or SARAS.",
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            "citation": "Improved Constraints on the 21 cm EoR Power Spectrum and the X-Ray Heating of the IGM with HERA Phase I Observations",
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          "name": "James E. Aguirre",
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          "source": {
            "citation": "Improved Constraints on the 21 cm EoR Power Spectrum and the X-Ray Heating of the IGM with HERA Phase I Observations",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.04912v1"
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            "citation": "Improved Constraints on the 21 cm EoR Power Spectrum and the X-Ray Heating of the IGM with HERA Phase I Observations",
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      "scope": {
        "description": "These are upper limits, not a positive detection of the 21 cm power spectrum. The 94 nights include the earlier 18-night sample; they are not independent observations for counting purposes. Foreground avoidance, calibration, crosstalk mitigation and estimated signal-loss corrections affect the result. Heating and reionization implications depend on model families, priors and external data; the power-spectrum upper limits and model-specific Bayesian credible limits are distinct. This interferometric fluctuation measurement is not the global-sky spectrum measured by EDGES or SARAS.",
        "domain": "Observational cosmology"
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      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "Improved Constraints on the 21 cm EoR Power Spectrum and the X-Ray Heating of the IGM with HERA Phase I Observations",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.04912v1"
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      "statement": "# HERA constrains early-universe 21 cm fluctuations\n\nHERA analyzed 94 selected nights of Phase I observations and reported 95% upper limits on the dimensionless 21 cm brightness-temperature fluctuation power of 457 mK² at redshift 7.9 and wave number 0.34 h/Mpc, and 3,496 mK² at redshift 10.4 and 0.36 h/Mpc. The analysis also explored implications for astrophysical heating under specified models.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThese are upper limits, not a positive detection of the 21 cm power spectrum. The 94 nights include the earlier 18-night sample; they are not independent observations for counting purposes. Foreground avoidance, calibration, crosstalk mitigation and estimated signal-loss corrections affect the result. Heating and reionization implications depend on model families, priors and external data; the power-spectrum upper limits and model-specific Bayesian credible limits are distinct. This interferometric fluctuation measurement is not the global-sky spectrum measured by EDGES or SARAS.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nZara Abdurashidova; Tyrone Adams; James E. Aguirre\n\nThese are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Improved Constraints on the 21 cm EoR Power Spectrum and the X-Ray Heating of the IGM with HERA Phase I Observations](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.04912v1)\n",
      "summary": "HERA analyzed 94 selected nights of Phase I observations and reported 95% upper limits on the dimensionless 21 cm brightness-temperature fluctuation power of 457 mK² at redshift 7.9 and wave number 0.34 h/Mpc, and 3,496 mK² at redshift 10.4 and 0.36 h/Mpc. The analysis also explored implications for astrophysical heating under specified models.",
      "title": "HERA constrains early-universe 21 cm fluctuations"
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    "id": "hera-phase-i-21cm-power-spectrum-94-nights-2022",
    "entry_id": "hera-phase-i-21cm-power-spectrum-94-nights-2022",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "HERA constrains early-universe 21 cm fluctuations",
    "context": "Observational cosmology",
    "track": "Source-reported experimental result or reusable measurement method",
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    "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
    "assessed_on": "2026-10-28",
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    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "HERA analyzed 94 selected nights of Phase I observations and reported 95% upper limits on the dimensionless 21 cm brightness-temperature fluctuation power of 457 mK² at redshift 7.9 and wave number 0.34 h/Mpc, and 3,496 mK² at redshift 10.4 and 0.36 h/Mpc. The analysis also explored implications for astrophysical heating under specified models.",
    "scope": "HERA analyzed 94 selected nights of Phase I observations and reported 95% upper limits on the dimensionless 21 cm brightness-temperature fluctuation power of 457 mK² at redshift 7.9 and wave number 0.34 h/Mpc, and 3,496 mK² at redshift 10.4 and 0.36 h/Mpc. The analysis also explored implications for astrophysical heating under specified models. These are upper limits, not a positive detection of the 21 cm power spectrum. The 94 nights include the earlier 18-night sample; they are not independent observations for counting purposes. Foreground avoidance, calibration, crosstalk mitigation and estimated signal-loss corrections affect the result. Heating and reionization implications depend on model families, priors and external data; the power-spectrum upper limits and model-specific Bayesian credible limits are distinct. This interferometric fluctuation measurement is not the global-sky spectrum measured by EDGES or SARAS.",
    "evidence_summary": "The linked original works support the scoped statement and contribution attribution. WRS has not independently replayed experiments or reconstructed a full mathematical proof. These are upper limits, not a positive detection of the 21 cm power spectrum. The 94 nights include the earlier 18-night sample; they are not independent observations for counting purposes. Foreground avoidance, calibration, crosstalk mitigation and estimated signal-loss corrections affect the result. Heating and reionization implications depend on model families, priors and external data; the power-spectrum upper limits and model-specific Bayesian credible limits are distinct. This interferometric fluctuation measurement is not the global-sky spectrum measured by EDGES or SARAS.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "Improved Constraints on the 21 cm EoR Power Spectrum and the X-Ray Heating of the IGM with HERA Phase I Observations",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.04912v1",
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