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    "title": "Pulsed positronium 1S–2S spectroscopy with Rydberg field-ionization detection",
    "summary": "Heiss and colleagues combined pulsed two-photon positronium 1³S₁ → 2³S₁ spectroscopy with excitation of surviving 2S atoms to the 20P Rydberg state and subsequent field ionization. Time-of-flight detection supplied velocity-distribution information for joint fits of spectral profiles and Doppler shifts. Two experimental runs gave a combined interval of 1,233,607,210.5±49.6 MHz, about 40 parts per billion. The second run added an optical frequency comb and a pulse-by-pulse laser-chirp measurement.",
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            "citation": "Measurement of the 1tripletS1 to2tripletS1 interval in positronium using field-ionization of Rydberg states (arXiv2407.02443v4)",
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        "description": "The combined uncertainty assumes uncorrelated runs and depends on the simulated emission, laser and detector distributions. A Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution fitted the measured time-of-flight data but does not establish that the emitted atoms were thermal. The first run lacked a working absolute-frequency calibration and contemporaneous chirp measurement. Per-atom Doppler correction and sub-MHz continuous-wave precision remained proposed extensions. Printed simulation conventions need clarification before independent reuse; no raw-data replay or comparison with the later formal text was performed.",
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      "statement": "# Pulsed positronium 1S–2S spectroscopy with Rydberg field-ionization detection\n\nHeiss and colleagues combined pulsed two-photon positronium 1³S₁ → 2³S₁ spectroscopy with excitation of surviving 2S atoms to the 20P Rydberg state and subsequent field ionization. Time-of-flight detection supplied velocity-distribution information for joint fits of spectral profiles and Doppler shifts. Two experimental runs gave a combined interval of 1,233,607,210.5±49.6 MHz, about 40 parts per billion. The second run added an optical frequency comb and a pulse-by-pulse laser-chirp measurement.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe combined uncertainty assumes uncorrelated runs and depends on the simulated emission, laser and detector distributions. A Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution fitted the measured time-of-flight data but does not establish that the emitted atoms were thermal. The first run lacked a working absolute-frequency calibration and contemporaneous chirp measurement. Per-atom Doppler correction and sub-MHz continuous-wave precision remained proposed extensions. Printed simulation conventions need clarification before independent reuse; no raw-data replay or comparison with the later formal text was performed.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nMichael W. Heiss; Lucas de Sousa Borges; Artem Golovizin; Paolo Crivelli\n\nThese are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Measurement of the 1tripletS1 to2tripletS1 interval in positronium using field-ionization of Rydberg states (arXiv2407.02443v4)](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.02443v4)\n",
      "summary": "Heiss and colleagues combined pulsed two-photon positronium 1³S₁ → 2³S₁ spectroscopy with excitation of surviving 2S atoms to the 20P Rydberg state and subsequent field ionization. Time-of-flight detection supplied velocity-distribution information for joint fits of spectral profiles and Doppler shifts. Two experimental runs gave a combined interval of 1,233,607,210.5±49.6 MHz, about 40 parts per billion. The second run added an optical frequency comb and a pulse-by-pulse laser-chirp measurement.",
      "title": "Pulsed positronium 1S–2S spectroscopy with Rydberg field-ionization detection"
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    "what_changed": "Heiss and colleagues combined pulsed two-photon positronium 1³S₁ → 2³S₁ spectroscopy with excitation of surviving 2S atoms to the 20P Rydberg state and subsequent field ionization. Time-of-flight detection supplied velocity-distribution information for joint fits of spectral profiles and Doppler shifts. Two experimental runs gave a combined interval of 1,233,607,210.5±49.6 MHz, about 40 parts per billion. The second run added an optical frequency comb and a pulse-by-pulse laser-chirp measurement.",
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