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    "id": "hauser-dirbe-cosmic-infrared-background-1998",
    "title": "COBE observations of the cosmic infrared background",
    "summary": "Hauser and colleagues analyzed ten COBE DIRBE infrared bands after modeling local foregrounds, reporting isotropic residuals consistent with a cosmic infrared background at 140 and 240 micrometres and upper limits at shorter wavelengths. Fixsen and colleagues used COBE FIRAS spectra and three foreground-separation approaches to estimate the far-infrared background spectrum from 125 to 2000 micrometres, finding consistency with the DIRBE measurements within their stated calibration uncertainties.",
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        "title": "The COBE Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment Search for the Cosmic Infrared Background: I. Limits and Detections",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/9806167v1",
        "date": "1998-06-11"
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      {
        "id": "fixsen-firas-far-infrared-background-spectrum-1998-v1",
        "title": "The Spectrum of the Extragalactic Far Infrared Background from the COBE FIRAS Observations",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/9803021v1",
        "date": "1998-03-03"
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        "description": "The DIRBE values depend on foreground subtraction and selected low-foreground regions; isotropy tests cover approximately 2% of the sky, and systematic foreground uncertainties dominate. The FIRAS methods share data, use a DIRBE zodiacal-light model and one explicitly assumes the DIRBE background; their agreement is therefore not three fully independent confirmations. The color method assumes an invariant Galactic spectrum and the line-template method has uncertain nonlinear foreground relationships. Derived spectral-fit parameters have strongly correlated uncertainties. Both teams credit a 1996 tentative FIRAS result by Puget and colleagues; the 1998 papers describe significant differences in inferred spectra. Extragalactic origin and implications for dust-obscured stellar history depend on models. The DIRBE contributor list shown here is incomplete.",
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      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "The COBE Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment Search for the Cosmic Infrared Background: I. Limits and Detections",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/9806167v1"
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      "statement": "# COBE observations of the cosmic infrared background\n\nHauser and colleagues analyzed ten COBE DIRBE infrared bands after modeling local foregrounds, reporting isotropic residuals consistent with a cosmic infrared background at 140 and 240 micrometres and upper limits at shorter wavelengths. Fixsen and colleagues used COBE FIRAS spectra and three foreground-separation approaches to estimate the far-infrared background spectrum from 125 to 2000 micrometres, finding consistency with the DIRBE measurements within their stated calibration uncertainties.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe DIRBE values depend on foreground subtraction and selected low-foreground regions; isotropy tests cover approximately 2% of the sky, and systematic foreground uncertainties dominate. The FIRAS methods share data, use a DIRBE zodiacal-light model and one explicitly assumes the DIRBE background; their agreement is therefore not three fully independent confirmations. The color method assumes an invariant Galactic spectrum and the line-template method has uncertain nonlinear foreground relationships. Derived spectral-fit parameters have strongly correlated uncertainties. Both teams credit a 1996 tentative FIRAS result by Puget and colleagues; the 1998 papers describe significant differences in inferred spectra. Extragalactic origin and implications for dust-obscured stellar history depend on models. The DIRBE contributor list shown here is incomplete.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nM. G. Hauser; R. G. Arendt; T. Kelsall; D. J. Fixsen; E. Dwek; J. C. Mather; C. L. Bennett; R. A. Shafer\n\nThese are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [The COBE Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment Search for the Cosmic Infrared Background: I. Limits and Detections](https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/9806167v1)\n- [The Spectrum of the Extragalactic Far Infrared Background from the COBE FIRAS Observations](https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/9803021v1)\n",
      "summary": "Hauser and colleagues analyzed ten COBE DIRBE infrared bands after modeling local foregrounds, reporting isotropic residuals consistent with a cosmic infrared background at 140 and 240 micrometres and upper limits at shorter wavelengths. Fixsen and colleagues used COBE FIRAS spectra and three foreground-separation approaches to estimate the far-infrared background spectrum from 125 to 2000 micrometres, finding consistency with the DIRBE measurements within their stated calibration uncertainties.",
      "title": "COBE observations of the cosmic infrared background"
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    "id": "hauser-dirbe-cosmic-infrared-background-1998",
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    "title": "COBE observations of the cosmic infrared background",
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    "what_changed": "Hauser and colleagues analyzed ten COBE DIRBE infrared bands after modeling local foregrounds, reporting isotropic residuals consistent with a cosmic infrared background at 140 and 240 micrometres and upper limits at shorter wavelengths. Fixsen and colleagues used COBE FIRAS spectra and three foreground-separation approaches to estimate the far-infrared background spectrum from 125 to 2000 micrometres, finding consistency with the DIRBE measurements within their stated calibration uncertainties.",
    "scope": "Hauser and colleagues analyzed ten COBE DIRBE infrared bands after modeling local foregrounds, reporting isotropic residuals consistent with a cosmic infrared background at 140 and 240 micrometres and upper limits at shorter wavelengths. Fixsen and colleagues used COBE FIRAS spectra and three foreground-separation approaches to estimate the far-infrared background spectrum from 125 to 2000 micrometres, finding consistency with the DIRBE measurements within their stated calibration uncertainties. The DIRBE values depend on foreground subtraction and selected low-foreground regions; isotropy tests cover approximately 2% of the sky, and systematic foreground uncertainties dominate. The FIRAS methods share data, use a DIRBE zodiacal-light model and one explicitly assumes the DIRBE background; their agreement is therefore not three fully independent confirmations. The color method assumes an invariant Galactic spectrum and the line-template method has uncertain nonlinear foreground relationships. Derived spectral-fit parameters have strongly correlated uncertainties. Both teams credit a 1996 tentative FIRAS result by Puget and colleagues; the 1998 papers describe significant differences in inferred spectra. Extragalactic origin and implications for dust-obscured stellar history depend on models. The DIRBE contributor list shown here is incomplete.",
    "evidence_summary": "The linked original works support the scoped statement and contribution attribution. WRS has not independently replayed experiments or reconstructed a full mathematical proof. The DIRBE values depend on foreground subtraction and selected low-foreground regions; isotropy tests cover approximately 2% of the sky, and systematic foreground uncertainties dominate. The FIRAS methods share data, use a DIRBE zodiacal-light model and one explicitly assumes the DIRBE background; their agreement is therefore not three fully independent confirmations. The color method assumes an invariant Galactic spectrum and the line-template method has uncertain nonlinear foreground relationships. Derived spectral-fit parameters have strongly correlated uncertainties. Both teams credit a 1996 tentative FIRAS result by Puget and colleagues; the 1998 papers describe significant differences in inferred spectra. Extragalactic origin and implications for dust-obscured stellar history depend on models. The DIRBE contributor list shown here is incomplete.",
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        "title": "The COBE Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment Search for the Cosmic Infrared Background: I. Limits and Detections",
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