{
  "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1",
  "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177",
  "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS",
  "entry": {
    "id": "greengard-rokhlin-fast-particle-algorithm-1987",
    "title": "Greengard and Rokhlin: a fast algorithm for particle simulations",
    "summary": "Presented a hierarchical algorithm evaluating Coulombic or gravitational interactions for N particles with work proportional to N to the stated accuracy, instead of direct quadratic pairwise evaluation.",
    "boundary": "The record is the exact 1987 Journal of Computational Physics paper. Earlier multipole expansions, Barnes–Hut, later adaptive fast multipole methods and application-specific implementations remain separate.",
    "area": "Numerical and computational mathematics",
    "year": 1987,
    "lane": "HUMAN",
    "result": "ALGORITHM",
    "package_id": "greengard-rokhlin-fast-particle-algorithm-1987",
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:ea09f8f0-a8a2-41de-a3d1-08dc8d41f37f",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:8cbe18b27e6f6e23a46365a9c1c4f8deffdce67913de3f7f5e5efb4d08c421d7"
    },
    "humans": [
      "Leslie Greengard",
      "Vladimir Rokhlin"
    ],
    "authors_complete": true,
    "human_role_note": "The named authors contributed to this scoped work; individual effort shares and later applications are not assigned by the byline.",
    "agents": [],
    "related": [],
    "subresults": [],
    "scientific_assessment": {
      "source_review": "SOURCE_CURATED",
      "scientific_review": "NOT_REVIEWED_BY_WRS",
      "formal_replay": "NOT_RUN",
      "provider_attestation": "NONE"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "elsevier-fast-particle-algorithm-1987",
        "title": "Greengard and Rokhlin, A fast algorithm for particle simulations",
        "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0021999187901409"
      },
      {
        "id": "crossref-fast-particle-algorithm-1987",
        "title": "Crossref record for the fast particle algorithm",
        "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2F0021-9991(87)90140-9"
      }
    ],
    "geography": {
      "country_codes": [
        "US"
      ],
      "location_basis": "Documented research locations or paper affiliations for this contribution. Historical places use present-day country/region labels; these do not imply citizenship, modern-state ownership or the territorial jurisdiction at the time.",
      "source_url": "https://users.flatironinstitute.org/~ahb/m126w12/public_html/Greengard1987JCP_Rokhlin_FMM_Coulomb_algorithm.pdf",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:ea09f8f0-a8a2-41de-a3d1-08dc8d41f37f",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:8cbe18b27e6f6e23a46365a9c1c4f8deffdce67913de3f7f5e5efb4d08c421d7"
      },
      "basis": "RESEARCH_LOCATION_OR_PAPER_AFFILIATION",
      "reviewed_on": "2026-09-26",
      "nationality_inferred": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Attribution source",
          "url": "https://users.flatironinstitute.org/~ahb/m126w12/public_html/Greengard1987JCP_Rokhlin_FMM_Coulomb_algorithm.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "coverage_status": "COMPLETE",
      "country_labels": {
        "US": "United States"
      }
    },
    "points": "190000",
    "published_grade": {
      "id": "greengard-rokhlin-fast-particle-algorithm-1987",
      "entry_id": "greengard-rokhlin-fast-particle-algorithm-1987",
      "band": "A",
      "modifier": "+",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:ea09f8f0-a8a2-41de-a3d1-08dc8d41f37f",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:8cbe18b27e6f6e23a46365a9c1c4f8deffdce67913de3f7f5e5efb4d08c421d7"
      },
      "what_changed": "Presented a hierarchical algorithm evaluating Coulombic or gravitational interactions for N particles with work proportional to N to the stated accuracy, instead of direct quadratic pairwise evaluation.",
      "scope": "The record is the exact 1987 Journal of Computational Physics paper. Earlier multipole expansions, Barnes–Hut, later adaptive fast multipole methods and application-specific implementations remain separate.",
      "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
      "scientific_correctness_certified": false
    },
    "assessment_disposition": {
      "status": "ASSESSED",
      "label": "Provisionally assessed",
      "reason": "A current grade and separate reference score identify this exact contribution.",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:ea09f8f0-a8a2-41de-a3d1-08dc8d41f37f",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:8cbe18b27e6f6e23a46365a9c1c4f8deffdce67913de3f7f5e5efb4d08c421d7"
      },
      "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177"
    }
  },
  "version": {
    "kind": "PUBLIC_RECORD_VIEW",
    "previous": null,
    "published_at": "2026-09-25T00:00:00Z",
    "publisher": {
      "principal_id": "urn:uuid:80116931-785b-40a2-a24b-9d59db0c7e33",
      "role": "WRS_EDITORIAL_PUBLICATION"
    },
    "record": {
      "contributors": [
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Leslie Greengard",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Greengard and Rokhlin, A fast algorithm for particle simulations",
            "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0021999187901409"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Vladimir Rokhlin",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Greengard and Rokhlin, A fast algorithm for particle simulations",
            "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0021999187901409"
          }
        }
      ],
      "evidence": [
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-0",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Greengard and Rokhlin, A fast algorithm for particle simulations",
            "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0021999187901409"
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-1",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Crossref record for the fast particle algorithm",
            "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2F0021-9991(87)90140-9"
          }
        }
      ],
      "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY",
      "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1",
      "record_type": "research_note",
      "rrp_version": "0.1",
      "scope": {
        "description": "The record is the exact 1987 Journal of Computational Physics paper. Earlier multipole expansions, Barnes–Hut, later adaptive fast multipole methods and application-specific implementations remain separate.",
        "domain": "Numerical and computational mathematics"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "Greengard and Rokhlin, A fast algorithm for particle simulations",
          "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0021999187901409"
        },
        {
          "citation": "Crossref record for the fast particle algorithm",
          "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2F0021-9991(87)90140-9"
        }
      ],
      "statement": "# Greengard and Rokhlin: a fast algorithm for particle simulations\n\nPresented a hierarchical algorithm evaluating Coulombic or gravitational interactions for N particles with work proportional to N to the stated accuracy, instead of direct quadratic pairwise evaluation.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe record is the exact 1987 Journal of Computational Physics paper. Earlier multipole expansions, Barnes–Hut, later adaptive fast multipole methods and application-specific implementations remain separate.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nLeslie Greengard; Vladimir Rokhlin\n\nThe named authors contributed to this scoped work; individual effort shares and later applications are not assigned by the byline.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Greengard and Rokhlin, A fast algorithm for particle simulations](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0021999187901409)\n- [Crossref record for the fast particle algorithm](https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2F0021-9991(87)90140-9)\n",
      "summary": "Presented a hierarchical algorithm evaluating Coulombic or gravitational interactions for N particles with work proportional to N to the stated accuracy, instead of direct quadratic pairwise evaluation.",
      "title": "Greengard and Rokhlin: a fast algorithm for particle simulations"
    },
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:ea09f8f0-a8a2-41de-a3d1-08dc8d41f37f",
    "version": 1,
    "source_ref": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:ea09f8f0-a8a2-41de-a3d1-08dc8d41f37f",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:8cbe18b27e6f6e23a46365a9c1c4f8deffdce67913de3f7f5e5efb4d08c421d7"
    },
    "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1",
    "public_view_hash": "sha256:5988bf34a5dced1920094cbad740e7c213e2c8b3fac6edbca22309a20551573d"
  },
  "target": {
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:ea09f8f0-a8a2-41de-a3d1-08dc8d41f37f",
    "version": 1,
    "content_hash": "sha256:8cbe18b27e6f6e23a46365a9c1c4f8deffdce67913de3f7f5e5efb4d08c421d7"
  },
  "published_grade": {
    "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1",
    "edition": "2026-10-28.1",
    "id": "greengard-rokhlin-fast-particle-algorithm-1987",
    "entry_id": "greengard-rokhlin-fast-particle-algorithm-1987",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "Greengard and Rokhlin: a fast algorithm for particle simulations",
    "context": "Numerical and computational mathematics",
    "track": "ALGORITHM",
    "band": "A",
    "modifier": "+",
    "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
    "assessed_on": "2026-09-25",
    "evidence_cutoff": "2026-09-25",
    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "Presented a hierarchical algorithm evaluating Coulombic or gravitational interactions for N particles with work proportional to N to the stated accuracy, instead of direct quadratic pairwise evaluation.",
    "scope": "The record is the exact 1987 Journal of Computational Physics paper. Earlier multipole expansions, Barnes–Hut, later adaptive fast multipole methods and application-specific implementations remain separate.",
    "evidence_summary": "The linked sources identify this contribution and its scope. WRS has not independently reconstructed the scientific claims. The record is the exact 1987 Journal of Computational Physics paper. Earlier multipole expansions, Barnes–Hut, later adaptive fast multipole methods and application-specific implementations remain separate.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "Greengard and Rokhlin, A fast algorithm for particle simulations",
        "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0021999187901409",
        "locator": "Source for the stated contribution; scientific claims remain bounded to the linked work."
      },
      {
        "title": "Crossref record for the fast particle algorithm",
        "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2F0021-9991(87)90140-9",
        "locator": "Source for the stated contribution; scientific claims remain bounded to the linked work."
      }
    ],
    "roles": [
      {
        "who": "Leslie Greengard",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured."
      },
      {
        "who": "Vladimir Rokhlin",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured."
      }
    ],
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:ea09f8f0-a8a2-41de-a3d1-08dc8d41f37f",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:8cbe18b27e6f6e23a46365a9c1c4f8deffdce67913de3f7f5e5efb4d08c421d7"
    },
    "scientific_correctness_certified": false,
    "independent_expert_calibration": false,
    "method": "PROPRIETARY",
    "points": "190000"
  },
  "canonical_agent_submission": false,
  "scientific_verification_awarded": false,
  "reader_guide": null,
  "reading_status": "SOURCE_LINKED_NOTE"
}
