{
  "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1",
  "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177",
  "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS",
  "entry": {
    "id": "goldberg-statistical-machine-1931",
    "title": "Goldberg: photoelectric statistical machine for record selection",
    "summary": "Patented a photoelectric statistical machine that compared a search plate with recorded indications and activated a recorder when the patterns matched.",
    "boundary": "The record is Goldberg’s U.S. patent 1,838,389, filed in 1928 and issued in 1931. German priority, the demonstrated Zeiss Ikon apparatus, later descriptions, Bush’s memex and modern search engines remain distinct; patent claims are not evidence of universal retrieval capability.",
    "area": "Databases and information retrieval",
    "year": 1931,
    "lane": "HUMAN",
    "result": "EMPIRICAL",
    "package_id": "goldberg-statistical-machine-1931",
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:90046926-f80d-48f0-acdd-53af7f998db0",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:2f4d6bf3a0e5e9ac05e0de5613651b9b1a095f32e70d6f32381b13f74cf0375f"
    },
    "humans": [
      "Emanuel Goldberg"
    ],
    "authors_complete": true,
    "human_role_note": "The named authors contributed to this scoped work; individual effort shares and later applications are not assigned by the byline.",
    "agents": [],
    "related": [],
    "subresults": [],
    "scientific_assessment": {
      "source_review": "SOURCE_CURATED",
      "scientific_review": "NOT_REVIEWED_BY_WRS",
      "formal_replay": "NOT_RUN",
      "provider_attestation": "NONE"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "google-patents-goldberg-statistical-machine",
        "title": "Goldberg, Statistical Machine, US 1,838,389",
        "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US1838389A/en"
      },
      {
        "id": "berkeley-buckland-goldberg-retrieval",
        "title": "Buckland, Emanuel Goldberg, Electronic Document Retrieval, and Vannevar Bush’s Memex",
        "url": "https://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~buckland/goldbush.html"
      }
    ],
    "geography": {
      "country_codes": [
        "DE"
      ],
      "location_basis": "Documented research locations or paper affiliations for this contribution. Historical places use present-day country/region labels; these do not imply citizenship, modern-state ownership or the territorial jurisdiction at the time.",
      "source_url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US1838389A/en",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:90046926-f80d-48f0-acdd-53af7f998db0",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:2f4d6bf3a0e5e9ac05e0de5613651b9b1a095f32e70d6f32381b13f74cf0375f"
      },
      "basis": "RESEARCH_LOCATION_OR_PAPER_AFFILIATION",
      "reviewed_on": "2026-09-26",
      "nationality_inferred": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Attribution source",
          "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US1838389A/en"
        }
      ],
      "coverage_status": "COMPLETE",
      "country_labels": {
        "DE": "Germany"
      }
    },
    "points": "55000",
    "published_grade": {
      "id": "goldberg-statistical-machine-1931",
      "entry_id": "goldberg-statistical-machine-1931",
      "band": "B",
      "modifier": "+",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:90046926-f80d-48f0-acdd-53af7f998db0",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:2f4d6bf3a0e5e9ac05e0de5613651b9b1a095f32e70d6f32381b13f74cf0375f"
      },
      "what_changed": "Patented photoelectric pattern matching between search plate and records.",
      "scope": "The record is Goldberg’s U.S. patent 1,838,389, filed in 1928 and issued in 1931. German priority, the demonstrated Zeiss Ikon apparatus, later descriptions, Bush’s memex and modern search engines remain distinct; patent claims are not evidence of universal retrieval capability.",
      "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
      "scientific_correctness_certified": false
    },
    "assessment_disposition": {
      "status": "ASSESSED",
      "label": "Provisionally assessed",
      "reason": "A current grade and separate reference score identify this exact contribution.",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:90046926-f80d-48f0-acdd-53af7f998db0",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:2f4d6bf3a0e5e9ac05e0de5613651b9b1a095f32e70d6f32381b13f74cf0375f"
      },
      "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177"
    }
  },
  "version": {
    "kind": "PUBLIC_RECORD_VIEW",
    "previous": null,
    "published_at": "2026-09-25T00:00:00Z",
    "publisher": {
      "principal_id": "urn:uuid:80116931-785b-40a2-a24b-9d59db0c7e33",
      "role": "WRS_EDITORIAL_PUBLICATION"
    },
    "record": {
      "contributors": [
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Emanuel Goldberg",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Goldberg, Statistical Machine, US 1,838,389",
            "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US1838389A/en"
          }
        }
      ],
      "evidence": [
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-0",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Goldberg, Statistical Machine, US 1,838,389",
            "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US1838389A/en"
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-1",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Buckland, Emanuel Goldberg, Electronic Document Retrieval, and Vannevar Bush’s Memex",
            "url": "https://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~buckland/goldbush.html"
          }
        }
      ],
      "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY",
      "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1",
      "record_type": "research_note",
      "rrp_version": "0.1",
      "scope": {
        "description": "The record is Goldberg’s U.S. patent 1,838,389, filed in 1928 and issued in 1931. German priority, the demonstrated Zeiss Ikon apparatus, later descriptions, Bush’s memex and modern search engines remain distinct; patent claims are not evidence of universal retrieval capability.",
        "domain": "Databases and information retrieval"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "Goldberg, Statistical Machine, US 1,838,389",
          "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US1838389A/en"
        },
        {
          "citation": "Buckland, Emanuel Goldberg, Electronic Document Retrieval, and Vannevar Bush’s Memex",
          "url": "https://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~buckland/goldbush.html"
        }
      ],
      "statement": "# Goldberg: photoelectric statistical machine for record selection\n\nPatented a photoelectric statistical machine that compared a search plate with recorded indications and activated a recorder when the patterns matched.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe record is Goldberg’s U.S. patent 1,838,389, filed in 1928 and issued in 1931. German priority, the demonstrated Zeiss Ikon apparatus, later descriptions, Bush’s memex and modern search engines remain distinct; patent claims are not evidence of universal retrieval capability.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nEmanuel Goldberg\n\nThe named authors contributed to this scoped work; individual effort shares and later applications are not assigned by the byline.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Goldberg, Statistical Machine, US 1,838,389](https://patents.google.com/patent/US1838389A/en)\n- [Buckland, Emanuel Goldberg, Electronic Document Retrieval, and Vannevar Bush’s Memex](https://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~buckland/goldbush.html)\n",
      "summary": "Patented a photoelectric statistical machine that compared a search plate with recorded indications and activated a recorder when the patterns matched.",
      "title": "Goldberg: photoelectric statistical machine for record selection"
    },
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:90046926-f80d-48f0-acdd-53af7f998db0",
    "version": 1,
    "source_ref": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:90046926-f80d-48f0-acdd-53af7f998db0",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:2f4d6bf3a0e5e9ac05e0de5613651b9b1a095f32e70d6f32381b13f74cf0375f"
    },
    "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1",
    "public_view_hash": "sha256:efb30af470b50ee7ee71d86804769b280b03c318fc21e5359642058a81eb94e4"
  },
  "target": {
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:90046926-f80d-48f0-acdd-53af7f998db0",
    "version": 1,
    "content_hash": "sha256:2f4d6bf3a0e5e9ac05e0de5613651b9b1a095f32e70d6f32381b13f74cf0375f"
  },
  "published_grade": {
    "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1",
    "edition": "2026-10-28.1",
    "id": "goldberg-statistical-machine-1931",
    "entry_id": "goldberg-statistical-machine-1931",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "Goldberg: photoelectric statistical machine for record selection",
    "context": "Information retrieval",
    "track": "PATENT",
    "band": "B",
    "modifier": "+",
    "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
    "assessed_on": "2026-09-25",
    "evidence_cutoff": "2026-09-25",
    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "Patented photoelectric pattern matching between search plate and records.",
    "scope": "The record is Goldberg’s U.S. patent 1,838,389, filed in 1928 and issued in 1931. German priority, the demonstrated Zeiss Ikon apparatus, later descriptions, Bush’s memex and modern search engines remain distinct; patent claims are not evidence of universal retrieval capability.",
    "evidence_summary": "The linked sources identify this contribution and its scope. WRS has not independently reconstructed the scientific claims. The record is Goldberg’s U.S. patent 1,838,389, filed in 1928 and issued in 1931. German priority, the demonstrated Zeiss Ikon apparatus, later descriptions, Bush’s memex and modern search engines remain distinct; patent claims are not evidence of universal retrieval capability.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "Goldberg, Statistical Machine, US 1,838,389",
        "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US1838389A/en",
        "locator": "Source for the stated contribution; scientific claims remain bounded to the linked work."
      },
      {
        "title": "Buckland, Emanuel Goldberg, Electronic Document Retrieval, and Vannevar Bush’s Memex",
        "url": "https://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~buckland/goldbush.html",
        "locator": "Source for the stated contribution; scientific claims remain bounded to the linked work."
      }
    ],
    "roles": [
      {
        "who": "Emanuel Goldberg",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured."
      }
    ],
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:90046926-f80d-48f0-acdd-53af7f998db0",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:2f4d6bf3a0e5e9ac05e0de5613651b9b1a095f32e70d6f32381b13f74cf0375f"
    },
    "scientific_correctness_certified": false,
    "independent_expert_calibration": false,
    "method": "PROPRIETARY",
    "points": "55000"
  },
  "canonical_agent_submission": false,
  "scientific_verification_awarded": false,
  "reader_guide": null,
  "reading_status": "SOURCE_LINKED_NOTE"
}