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    "id": "geminga-xray-gamma-pulsar-identification-1992",
    "title": "X-ray and gamma-ray pulsations identify Geminga as a neutron-star pulsar",
    "summary": "An X-ray observation identified coherent pulsations with a period near 237 milliseconds from the source associated with Geminga. A subsequent EGRET analysis found gamma-ray pulses at the same period, linking the earlier high-energy gamma-ray source to a pulsar. A later NASA account reproduces a pulse-phase profile from the gamma-ray observations and attributes the X-ray and gamma-ray measurements to different teams.",
    "boundary": "Halpern and Holt reported the soft X-ray pulsations; the gamma-ray timing analysis belongs to a different team. Geminga’s gamma-ray source had already been observed. The period derivative printed in the later NASA account is inconsistent with the original literature and is not used here. Pulsar properties depend on the timing interpretation.",
    "area": "High-energy astrophysics",
    "topic": "Physics",
    "year": 1992,
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        "title": "Gamma-Ray Astrophysics: New Insight into the Universe, Second Edition",
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        "date": "1997-09-01"
      },
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        "id": "halpern-holt-geminga-soft-xray-pulsations-1992",
        "title": "Discovery of soft X-ray pulsations from the γ-ray source Geminga",
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        "date": "1992-05-21"
      }
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      "what_changed": "An X-ray observation identified coherent pulsations with a period near 237 milliseconds from the source associated with Geminga. A subsequent EGRET analysis found gamma-ray pulses at the same period, linking the earlier high-energy gamma-ray source to a pulsar. A later NASA account reproduces a pulse-phase profile from the gamma-ray observations and attributes the X-ray and gamma-ray measurements to different teams.",
      "scope": "An X-ray observation identified coherent pulsations with a period near 237 milliseconds from the source associated with Geminga. A subsequent EGRET analysis found gamma-ray pulses at the same period, linking the earlier high-energy gamma-ray source to a pulsar. A later NASA account reproduces a pulse-phase profile from the gamma-ray observations and attributes the X-ray and gamma-ray measurements to different teams. Halpern and Holt reported the soft X-ray pulsations; the gamma-ray timing analysis belongs to a different team. Geminga’s gamma-ray source had already been observed. The period derivative printed in the later NASA account is inconsistent with the original literature and is not used here. Pulsar properties depend on the timing interpretation.",
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            "citation": "Discovery of soft X-ray pulsations from the γ-ray source Geminga",
            "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/357222a0"
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          "name": "S. S. Holt",
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            "citation": "Discovery of soft X-ray pulsations from the γ-ray source Geminga",
            "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/357222a0"
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          "name": "EGRET collaboration",
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            "citation": "Gamma-Ray Astrophysics: New Insight into the Universe, Second Edition",
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            "citation": "Discovery of soft X-ray pulsations from the γ-ray source Geminga",
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      "scope": {
        "description": "Halpern and Holt reported the soft X-ray pulsations; the gamma-ray timing analysis belongs to a different team. Geminga’s gamma-ray source had already been observed. The period derivative printed in the later NASA account is inconsistent with the original literature and is not used here. Pulsar properties depend on the timing interpretation.",
        "domain": "High-energy astrophysics"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "Gamma-Ray Astrophysics: New Insight into the Universe, Second Edition",
          "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19980018116/downloads/19980018116.pdf"
        },
        {
          "citation": "Discovery of soft X-ray pulsations from the γ-ray source Geminga",
          "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/357222a0"
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      ],
      "statement": "# X-ray and gamma-ray pulsations identify Geminga as a neutron-star pulsar\n\nAn X-ray observation identified coherent pulsations with a period near 237 milliseconds from the source associated with Geminga. A subsequent EGRET analysis found gamma-ray pulses at the same period, linking the earlier high-energy gamma-ray source to a pulsar. A later NASA account reproduces a pulse-phase profile from the gamma-ray observations and attributes the X-ray and gamma-ray measurements to different teams.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nHalpern and Holt reported the soft X-ray pulsations; the gamma-ray timing analysis belongs to a different team. Geminga’s gamma-ray source had already been observed. The period derivative printed in the later NASA account is inconsistent with the original literature and is not used here. Pulsar properties depend on the timing interpretation.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nJ. P. Halpern; S. S. Holt\n\nThese are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Gamma-Ray Astrophysics: New Insight into the Universe, Second Edition](https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19980018116/downloads/19980018116.pdf)\n- [Discovery of soft X-ray pulsations from the γ-ray source Geminga](https://www.nature.com/articles/357222a0)\n",
      "summary": "An X-ray observation identified coherent pulsations with a period near 237 milliseconds from the source associated with Geminga. A subsequent EGRET analysis found gamma-ray pulses at the same period, linking the earlier high-energy gamma-ray source to a pulsar. A later NASA account reproduces a pulse-phase profile from the gamma-ray observations and attributes the X-ray and gamma-ray measurements to different teams.",
      "title": "X-ray and gamma-ray pulsations identify Geminga as a neutron-star pulsar"
    },
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    "id": "geminga-xray-gamma-pulsar-identification-1992",
    "entry_id": "geminga-xray-gamma-pulsar-identification-1992",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "X-ray and gamma-ray pulsations identify Geminga as a neutron-star pulsar",
    "context": "High-energy astrophysics",
    "track": "Source-reported experimental result or reusable measurement method",
    "band": "A",
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    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "An X-ray observation identified coherent pulsations with a period near 237 milliseconds from the source associated with Geminga. A subsequent EGRET analysis found gamma-ray pulses at the same period, linking the earlier high-energy gamma-ray source to a pulsar. A later NASA account reproduces a pulse-phase profile from the gamma-ray observations and attributes the X-ray and gamma-ray measurements to different teams.",
    "scope": "An X-ray observation identified coherent pulsations with a period near 237 milliseconds from the source associated with Geminga. A subsequent EGRET analysis found gamma-ray pulses at the same period, linking the earlier high-energy gamma-ray source to a pulsar. A later NASA account reproduces a pulse-phase profile from the gamma-ray observations and attributes the X-ray and gamma-ray measurements to different teams. Halpern and Holt reported the soft X-ray pulsations; the gamma-ray timing analysis belongs to a different team. Geminga’s gamma-ray source had already been observed. The period derivative printed in the later NASA account is inconsistent with the original literature and is not used here. Pulsar properties depend on the timing interpretation.",
    "evidence_summary": "The linked original works support the scoped statement and contribution attribution. WRS has not independently replayed experiments or reconstructed a full mathematical proof. Halpern and Holt reported the soft X-ray pulsations; the gamma-ray timing analysis belongs to a different team. Geminga’s gamma-ray source had already been observed. The period derivative printed in the later NASA account is inconsistent with the original literature and is not used here. Pulsar properties depend on the timing interpretation.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "Gamma-Ray Astrophysics: New Insight into the Universe, Second Edition",
        "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19980018116/downloads/19980018116.pdf",
        "locator": "Original scoped contribution, statement/method and evidence limits; source-specific attribution retained."
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      {
        "title": "Discovery of soft X-ray pulsations from the γ-ray source Geminga",
        "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/357222a0",
        "locator": "Original scoped contribution, statement/method and evidence limits; source-specific attribution retained."
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