{
  "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1",
  "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177",
  "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS",
  "entry": {
    "id": "finite-element-stiffness",
    "title": "Finite-element stiffness assembly for complex structures",
    "summary": "Turner, Clough, Martin and Topp described assembling structural stiffness from smaller units, imposing equilibrium and continuity at nodes for computation of complex structures.",
    "boundary": "This is one formative stiffness-method paper, not sole invention of all finite-element analysis. Approximation accuracy depends on the model and discretization.",
    "area": "Computational engineering",
    "topic": "Energy & engineering",
    "year": 1956,
    "lane": "HUMAN",
    "result": "ALGORITHM",
    "package_id": "finite-element-stiffness",
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:fc3b8961-18e1-4321-a17f-0e5c11001d04",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:280b0240deb9f368aa760ea76fd98b633d5f44074c17f24da0f072e785ac7988"
    },
    "humans": [
      "M. J. TURNER",
      "R. W. CLOUGH",
      "H. C. MARTIN",
      "L. J. TOPP"
    ],
    "authors_complete": true,
    "human_role_note": "Source paper byline retained, including repeated label positions. Names are not verified unique identities or measurements of individual effort.",
    "agents": [],
    "related": [],
    "subresults": [],
    "scientific_assessment": {
      "source_review": "SOURCE_CURATED",
      "scientific_review": "NOT_REVIEWED_BY_WRS",
      "formal_replay": "NOT_RUN",
      "provider_attestation": "NONE"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "cov13-paper-finite-element-stiffness",
        "title": "Stiffness and Deflection Analysis of Complex Structures",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/8.3664"
      },
      {
        "id": "cov13-metadata-finite-element-stiffness",
        "title": "Stiffness and Deflection Analysis of Complex Structures — deposited bibliography",
        "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2514%2F8.3664"
      },
      {
        "id": "cov13-reading-finite-element-stiffness-0",
        "title": "Original 1956 paper, first-page method and byline",
        "url": "https://www.ce.memphis.edu/7117/notes/presentations/papers/Turner%20et%20al%20%281956%29%20Stiffness%20and%20deflection%20analysis%20of%20comlex%20strucutres.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "geography": {
      "country_codes": [
        "US"
      ],
      "location_basis": "Documented research locations or paper affiliations for this contribution. Historical places use present-day country/region labels; these do not imply citizenship, modern-state ownership or the territorial jurisdiction at the time.",
      "source_url": "https://www.ce.memphis.edu/7117/notes/presentations/papers/Turner%20et%20al%20%281956%29%20Stiffness%20and%20deflection%20analysis%20of%20comlex%20strucutres.pdf",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:fc3b8961-18e1-4321-a17f-0e5c11001d04",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:280b0240deb9f368aa760ea76fd98b633d5f44074c17f24da0f072e785ac7988"
      },
      "basis": "RESEARCH_LOCATION_OR_PAPER_AFFILIATION",
      "reviewed_on": "2026-09-26",
      "nationality_inferred": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Attribution source",
          "url": "https://www.ce.memphis.edu/7117/notes/presentations/papers/Turner%20et%20al%20%281956%29%20Stiffness%20and%20deflection%20analysis%20of%20comlex%20strucutres.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "coverage_status": "COMPLETE",
      "country_labels": {
        "US": "United States"
      }
    },
    "points": "160000",
    "published_grade": {
      "id": "finite-element-stiffness",
      "entry_id": "finite-element-stiffness",
      "band": "A",
      "modifier": null,
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:fc3b8961-18e1-4321-a17f-0e5c11001d04",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:280b0240deb9f368aa760ea76fd98b633d5f44074c17f24da0f072e785ac7988"
      },
      "what_changed": "Turner, Clough, Martin and Topp described assembling structural stiffness from smaller units, imposing equilibrium and continuity at nodes for computation of complex structures.",
      "scope": "Turner, Clough, Martin and Topp described assembling structural stiffness from smaller units, imposing equilibrium and continuity at nodes for computation of complex structures. Scope limitation: This is one formative stiffness-method paper, not sole invention of all finite-element analysis. Approximation accuracy depends on the model and discretization.",
      "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
      "scientific_correctness_certified": false
    },
    "assessment_disposition": {
      "status": "ASSESSED",
      "label": "Provisionally assessed",
      "reason": "A current grade and separate reference score identify this exact contribution.",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:fc3b8961-18e1-4321-a17f-0e5c11001d04",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:280b0240deb9f368aa760ea76fd98b633d5f44074c17f24da0f072e785ac7988"
      },
      "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177"
    }
  },
  "version": {
    "kind": "PUBLIC_RECORD_VIEW",
    "previous": null,
    "published_at": "2026-09-13T00:00:00Z",
    "publisher": {
      "principal_id": "urn:uuid:80116931-785b-40a2-a24b-9d59db0c7e33",
      "role": "WRS_EDITORIAL_PUBLICATION"
    },
    "record": {
      "contributors": [
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "M. J. TURNER",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Stiffness and Deflection Analysis of Complex Structures",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/8.3664"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "R. W. CLOUGH",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Stiffness and Deflection Analysis of Complex Structures",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/8.3664"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "H. C. MARTIN",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Stiffness and Deflection Analysis of Complex Structures",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/8.3664"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "L. J. TOPP",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Stiffness and Deflection Analysis of Complex Structures",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/8.3664"
          }
        }
      ],
      "evidence": [
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-0",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Stiffness and Deflection Analysis of Complex Structures",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/8.3664"
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-1",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Stiffness and Deflection Analysis of Complex Structures — deposited bibliography",
            "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2514%2F8.3664"
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-2",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Original 1956 paper, first-page method and byline",
            "url": "https://www.ce.memphis.edu/7117/notes/presentations/papers/Turner%20et%20al%20%281956%29%20Stiffness%20and%20deflection%20analysis%20of%20comlex%20strucutres.pdf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY",
      "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1",
      "record_type": "research_note",
      "rrp_version": "0.1",
      "scope": {
        "description": "This is one formative stiffness-method paper, not sole invention of all finite-element analysis. Approximation accuracy depends on the model and discretization.",
        "domain": "Computational engineering"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "Stiffness and Deflection Analysis of Complex Structures",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/8.3664"
        },
        {
          "citation": "Stiffness and Deflection Analysis of Complex Structures — deposited bibliography",
          "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2514%2F8.3664"
        },
        {
          "citation": "Original 1956 paper, first-page method and byline",
          "url": "https://www.ce.memphis.edu/7117/notes/presentations/papers/Turner%20et%20al%20%281956%29%20Stiffness%20and%20deflection%20analysis%20of%20comlex%20strucutres.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "statement": "# Finite-element stiffness assembly for complex structures\n\nTurner, Clough, Martin and Topp described assembling structural stiffness from smaller units, imposing equilibrium and continuity at nodes for computation of complex structures.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThis is one formative stiffness-method paper, not sole invention of all finite-element analysis. Approximation accuracy depends on the model and discretization.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nM. J. TURNER; R. W. CLOUGH; H. C. MARTIN; L. J. TOPP\n\nSource paper byline retained, including repeated label positions. Names are not verified unique identities or measurements of individual effort.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Stiffness and Deflection Analysis of Complex Structures](https://doi.org/10.2514/8.3664)\n- [Stiffness and Deflection Analysis of Complex Structures — deposited bibliography](https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2514%2F8.3664)\n- [Original 1956 paper, first-page method and byline](https://www.ce.memphis.edu/7117/notes/presentations/papers/Turner%20et%20al%20%281956%29%20Stiffness%20and%20deflection%20analysis%20of%20comlex%20strucutres.pdf)\n",
      "summary": "Turner, Clough, Martin and Topp described assembling structural stiffness from smaller units, imposing equilibrium and continuity at nodes for computation of complex structures.",
      "title": "Finite-element stiffness assembly for complex structures"
    },
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:fc3b8961-18e1-4321-a17f-0e5c11001d04",
    "version": 1,
    "source_ref": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:fc3b8961-18e1-4321-a17f-0e5c11001d04",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:280b0240deb9f368aa760ea76fd98b633d5f44074c17f24da0f072e785ac7988"
    },
    "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1",
    "public_view_hash": "sha256:006cfda31323db02c56ee3374aaebf413f0dbc86720fc301e57648e03af13ed3"
  },
  "target": {
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:fc3b8961-18e1-4321-a17f-0e5c11001d04",
    "version": 1,
    "content_hash": "sha256:280b0240deb9f368aa760ea76fd98b633d5f44074c17f24da0f072e785ac7988"
  },
  "published_grade": {
    "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1",
    "edition": "2026-10-28.1",
    "id": "finite-element-stiffness",
    "entry_id": "finite-element-stiffness",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "Finite-element stiffness assembly for complex structures",
    "context": "Computational engineering",
    "track": "Scoped scientific or research-capability contribution",
    "band": "A",
    "modifier": null,
    "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
    "assessed_on": "2026-09-14",
    "evidence_cutoff": "2026-09-14",
    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "Turner, Clough, Martin and Topp described assembling structural stiffness from smaller units, imposing equilibrium and continuity at nodes for computation of complex structures.",
    "scope": "Turner, Clough, Martin and Topp described assembling structural stiffness from smaller units, imposing equilibrium and continuity at nodes for computation of complex structures. Scope limitation: This is one formative stiffness-method paper, not sole invention of all finite-element analysis. Approximation accuracy depends on the model and discretization.",
    "evidence_summary": "Assessment uses the catalogue-linked source evidence for the stated contribution. This is one formative stiffness-method paper, not sole invention of all finite-element analysis. Approximation accuracy depends on the model and discretization.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "Stiffness and Deflection Analysis of Complex Structures",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/8.3664",
        "locator": "Retained catalogue source evidence; See the linked reading source and editorial batch for the scope reviewed; not a full-paper audit."
      },
      {
        "title": "Stiffness and Deflection Analysis of Complex Structures — deposited bibliography",
        "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.2514%2F8.3664",
        "locator": "Retained catalogue source evidence; Exact DOI identity, deposited byline and supplied abstract; source bytes retained locally."
      },
      {
        "title": "Original 1956 paper, first-page method and byline",
        "url": "https://www.ce.memphis.edu/7117/notes/presentations/papers/Turner%20et%20al%20%281956%29%20Stiffness%20and%20deflection%20analysis%20of%20comlex%20strucutres.pdf",
        "locator": "Retained catalogue source evidence; Source support for the stated contribution and boundary. Full-paper review, independent replay and current clinical advice are not claimed."
      }
    ],
    "roles": [
      {
        "who": "M. J. TURNER",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source contributor; exact labor shares are not measured."
      },
      {
        "who": "R. W. CLOUGH",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source contributor; exact labor shares are not measured."
      },
      {
        "who": "H. C. MARTIN",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source contributor; exact labor shares are not measured."
      },
      {
        "who": "L. J. TOPP",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source contributor; exact labor shares are not measured."
      }
    ],
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:fc3b8961-18e1-4321-a17f-0e5c11001d04",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:280b0240deb9f368aa760ea76fd98b633d5f44074c17f24da0f072e785ac7988"
    },
    "scientific_correctness_certified": false,
    "independent_expert_calibration": false,
    "method": "PROPRIETARY",
    "points": "160000"
  },
  "canonical_agent_submission": false,
  "scientific_verification_awarded": false,
  "reader_guide": null,
  "reading_status": "SOURCE_LINKED_NOTE"
}
