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    "summary": "Faraday observed that a magnetic field applied along a light path through heavy glass rotated its polarization. Switching off the field removed the effect, while reversing the magnetic poles reversed the rotation. The paper connected magnetic action to an optical response in matter.\n\nFaraday placed transparent material between magnetic poles and examined a polarized lamp beam with an analyzer. Field-dependent appearance and extinction, together with reversal tests, distinguished magnetic rotation from ordinary optical activity. The result supplied a way to observe magnetic action through optical changes in matter. Faraday's induction experiments, electrochemical work and the separate diamagnetic-force series retain distinct scientific targets.",
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    "area": "Magneto-optics",
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        "title": "Michael Faraday, Experimental Researches in Electricity, Nineteenth Series (1846); author-collected Volume III (1855), pp.1–26",
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            "citation": "Michael Faraday, Experimental Researches in Electricity, Nineteenth Series (1846); author-collected Volume III (1855), pp.1–26",
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      "scope": {
        "description": "The experiments were reported to the Royal Society in November 1845 and published in 1846; the inspected author-collected reprint is from 1855. The effect concerns light transmitted through material, not direct deflection in empty space or a complete electromagnetic theory of light. Early proportionality observations were scoped to tested materials and field strengths.",
        "domain": "Magneto-optics"
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      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "Michael Faraday, Experimental Researches in Electricity, Nineteenth Series (1846); author-collected Volume III (1855), pp.1–26",
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      "statement": "# Faraday: magnetic rotation of polarized light in matter\n\nFaraday observed that a magnetic field applied along a light path through heavy glass rotated its polarization. Switching off the field removed the effect, while reversing the magnetic poles reversed the rotation. The paper connected magnetic action to an optical response in matter.\n\nFaraday placed transparent material between magnetic poles and examined a polarized lamp beam with an analyzer. Field-dependent appearance and extinction, together with reversal tests, distinguished magnetic rotation from ordinary optical activity. The result supplied a way to observe magnetic action through optical changes in matter. Faraday's induction experiments, electrochemical work and the separate diamagnetic-force series retain distinct scientific targets.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe experiments were reported to the Royal Society in November 1845 and published in 1846; the inspected author-collected reprint is from 1855. The effect concerns light transmitted through material, not direct deflection in empty space or a complete electromagnetic theory of light. Early proportionality observations were scoped to tested materials and field strengths.\n\n## People and systems\n\nMichael Faraday\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Michael Faraday, Experimental Researches in Electricity, Nineteenth Series (1846); author-collected Volume III (1855), pp.1–26](https://fisica.unipv.it/percorsi/pdf/Faraday_III.pdf)\n",
      "summary": "Faraday observed that a magnetic field applied along a light path through heavy glass rotated its polarization. Switching off the field removed the effect, while reversing the magnetic poles reversed the rotation. The paper connected magnetic action to an optical response in matter.\n\nFaraday placed transparent material between magnetic poles and examined a polarized lamp beam with an analyzer. Field-dependent appearance and extinction, together with reversal tests, distinguished magnetic rotation from ordinary optical activity. The result supplied a way to observe magnetic action through optical changes in matter. Faraday's induction experiments, electrochemical work and the separate diamagnetic-force series retain distinct scientific targets.",
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    "id": "faraday-magnetic-polarization-rotation-1846",
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    "title": "Faraday: magnetic rotation of polarized light in matter",
    "context": "Magneto-optics",
    "track": "Magneto-optics",
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    "what_changed": "Controlled field switching and reversal connect a magnetic field to polarization rotation in transparent matter, distinguishing its directional behavior from natural optical rotation.",
    "scope": "Controlled field switching and reversal connect a magnetic field to polarization rotation in transparent matter, distinguishing its directional behavior from natural optical rotation. The experiments were reported to the Royal Society in November 1845 and published in 1846; the inspected author-collected reprint is from 1855. The effect concerns light transmitted through material, not direct deflection in empty space or a complete electromagnetic theory of light. Early proportionality observations were scoped to tested materials and field strengths.",
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    "references": [
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        "title": "Michael Faraday, Experimental Researches in Electricity, Nineteenth Series (1846); author-collected Volume III (1855), pp.1–26",
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