{
  "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1",
  "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177",
  "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS",
  "entry": {
    "id": "ether-surgical-anesthesia",
    "title": "Ether anesthesia: surgery without the same experience of pain",
    "summary": "Bigelow’s report described surgical operations performed after inhalation of ether. It supplied published clinical evidence that anesthesia could make major procedures possible without the usual conscious experience of surgical pain.",
    "boundary": "The paper author is not the complete roster of anesthesia’s inventors, demonstrators, surgeons or patients. This scoped report does not settle earlier-use priority and is not a present-day drug-administration guide.",
    "area": "Anesthesia",
    "topic": "Life & medicine",
    "year": 1846,
    "lane": "HUMAN",
    "result": "EMPIRICAL",
    "package_id": "ether-surgical-anesthesia",
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:0da3e09b-e8ae-41ce-ac19-a758055f06fb",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:91025bbb3329d4a811dee5fb24c30ff6cc1368911b1dc63803e7970467b4045f"
    },
    "humans": [
      "Henry Jacob Bigelow"
    ],
    "authors_complete": true,
    "human_role_note": "Source-paper byline retained. This is not a complete roster of a lifetime project or verified unique person identities.",
    "agents": [],
    "related": [],
    "subresults": [],
    "scientific_assessment": {
      "source_review": "SOURCE_CURATED",
      "scientific_review": "NOT_REVIEWED_BY_WRS",
      "formal_replay": "NOT_RUN",
      "provider_attestation": "NONE"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "hf13-paper-ether-surgical-anesthesia",
        "title": "Insensibility during Surgical Operations Produced by Inhalation",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm184611180351601"
      },
      {
        "id": "hf13-metadata-ether-surgical-anesthesia",
        "title": "Insensibility during Surgical Operations Produced by Inhalation — deposited bibliography",
        "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1056%2FNEJM184611180351601"
      },
      {
        "id": "hf13-reading-ether-surgical-anesthesia-0",
        "title": "Bigelow: Insensibility during Surgical Operations Produced by Inhalation",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM184611180351601"
      }
    ],
    "geography": {
      "country_codes": [
        "US"
      ],
      "location_basis": "Documented research locations or paper affiliations for this contribution. Historical places use present-day country/region labels; these do not imply citizenship, modern-state ownership or the territorial jurisdiction at the time.",
      "source_url": "https://www.woodlibrarymuseum.org/rare-book/bigelow-hj-insensibility-during-surgical-operations-produced-by-inhalation-1846/",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:0da3e09b-e8ae-41ce-ac19-a758055f06fb",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:91025bbb3329d4a811dee5fb24c30ff6cc1368911b1dc63803e7970467b4045f"
      },
      "basis": "RESEARCH_LOCATION_OR_PAPER_AFFILIATION",
      "reviewed_on": "2026-09-26",
      "nationality_inferred": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Attribution source",
          "url": "https://www.woodlibrarymuseum.org/rare-book/bigelow-hj-insensibility-during-surgical-operations-produced-by-inhalation-1846/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Attribution source",
          "url": "https://mpog.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Mashour.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "coverage_status": "COMPLETE",
      "country_labels": {
        "US": "United States"
      }
    },
    "points": "250000",
    "published_grade": {
      "id": "ether-surgical-anesthesia",
      "entry_id": "ether-surgical-anesthesia",
      "band": "A",
      "modifier": null,
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:0da3e09b-e8ae-41ce-ac19-a758055f06fb",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:91025bbb3329d4a811dee5fb24c30ff6cc1368911b1dc63803e7970467b4045f"
      },
      "what_changed": "Bigelow’s report described surgical operations performed after inhalation of ether. It supplied published clinical evidence that anesthesia could make major procedures possible without the usual conscious experience of surgical pain.",
      "scope": "The 1846 Bigelow report of insensibility during surgical operations using inhaled ether.",
      "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
      "scientific_correctness_certified": false
    },
    "assessment_disposition": {
      "status": "ASSESSED",
      "label": "Provisionally assessed",
      "reason": "A current grade and separate reference score identify this exact contribution.",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:0da3e09b-e8ae-41ce-ac19-a758055f06fb",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:91025bbb3329d4a811dee5fb24c30ff6cc1368911b1dc63803e7970467b4045f"
      },
      "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177"
    }
  },
  "version": {
    "kind": "PUBLIC_RECORD_VIEW",
    "previous": null,
    "published_at": "2026-09-13T00:00:00Z",
    "publisher": {
      "principal_id": "urn:uuid:80116931-785b-40a2-a24b-9d59db0c7e33",
      "role": "WRS_EDITORIAL_PUBLICATION"
    },
    "record": {
      "contributors": [
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Henry Jacob Bigelow",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Insensibility during Surgical Operations Produced by Inhalation",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm184611180351601"
          }
        }
      ],
      "evidence": [
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-0",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Insensibility during Surgical Operations Produced by Inhalation",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm184611180351601"
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-1",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Insensibility during Surgical Operations Produced by Inhalation — deposited bibliography",
            "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1056%2FNEJM184611180351601"
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-2",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Bigelow: Insensibility during Surgical Operations Produced by Inhalation",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM184611180351601"
          }
        }
      ],
      "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY",
      "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1",
      "record_type": "research_note",
      "rrp_version": "0.1",
      "scope": {
        "description": "The paper author is not the complete roster of anesthesia’s inventors, demonstrators, surgeons or patients. This scoped report does not settle earlier-use priority and is not a present-day drug-administration guide.",
        "domain": "Anesthesia"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "Insensibility during Surgical Operations Produced by Inhalation",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm184611180351601"
        },
        {
          "citation": "Insensibility during Surgical Operations Produced by Inhalation — deposited bibliography",
          "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1056%2FNEJM184611180351601"
        },
        {
          "citation": "Bigelow: Insensibility during Surgical Operations Produced by Inhalation",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM184611180351601"
        }
      ],
      "statement": "# Ether anesthesia: surgery without the same experience of pain\n\nBigelow’s report described surgical operations performed after inhalation of ether. It supplied published clinical evidence that anesthesia could make major procedures possible without the usual conscious experience of surgical pain.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe paper author is not the complete roster of anesthesia’s inventors, demonstrators, surgeons or patients. This scoped report does not settle earlier-use priority and is not a present-day drug-administration guide.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nHenry Jacob Bigelow\n\nSource-paper byline retained. This is not a complete roster of a lifetime project or verified unique person identities.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Insensibility during Surgical Operations Produced by Inhalation](https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm184611180351601)\n- [Insensibility during Surgical Operations Produced by Inhalation — deposited bibliography](https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1056%2FNEJM184611180351601)\n- [Bigelow: Insensibility during Surgical Operations Produced by Inhalation](https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM184611180351601)\n",
      "summary": "Bigelow’s report described surgical operations performed after inhalation of ether. It supplied published clinical evidence that anesthesia could make major procedures possible without the usual conscious experience of surgical pain.",
      "title": "Ether anesthesia: surgery without the same experience of pain"
    },
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:0da3e09b-e8ae-41ce-ac19-a758055f06fb",
    "version": 1,
    "source_ref": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:0da3e09b-e8ae-41ce-ac19-a758055f06fb",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:91025bbb3329d4a811dee5fb24c30ff6cc1368911b1dc63803e7970467b4045f"
    },
    "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1",
    "public_view_hash": "sha256:d120e9d2d210a14df5f38f84b305a9e8a56baedf31d50e7910b7fea58e9359e1"
  },
  "target": {
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:0da3e09b-e8ae-41ce-ac19-a758055f06fb",
    "version": 1,
    "content_hash": "sha256:91025bbb3329d4a811dee5fb24c30ff6cc1368911b1dc63803e7970467b4045f"
  },
  "published_grade": {
    "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1",
    "edition": "2026-10-28.1",
    "id": "ether-surgical-anesthesia",
    "entry_id": "ether-surgical-anesthesia",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "Ether anesthesia: surgery without the same experience of pain",
    "context": "Anesthesia",
    "track": "Scoped historical scientific contribution",
    "band": "A",
    "modifier": null,
    "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
    "assessed_on": "2026-09-14",
    "evidence_cutoff": "2026-09-14",
    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "Bigelow’s report described surgical operations performed after inhalation of ether. It supplied published clinical evidence that anesthesia could make major procedures possible without the usual conscious experience of surgical pain.",
    "scope": "The 1846 Bigelow report of insensibility during surgical operations using inhaled ether.",
    "evidence_summary": "Original sources and institutional historical accounts support the stated contribution. The reading boundary is recorded at each source; this assessment is not an independent scientific verification.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "Insensibility during Surgical Operations Produced by Inhalation",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm184611180351601",
        "locator": "Retained catalogue source review: Exact DOI and deposited bibliography; content-reading scope is recorded on the accompanying sources."
      },
      {
        "title": "Insensibility during Surgical Operations Produced by Inhalation — deposited bibliography",
        "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1056%2FNEJM184611180351601",
        "locator": "Retained catalogue source review: Retained response bytes and source byline; deposits can omit authors and reprint dates differ from original contribution dates."
      },
      {
        "title": "Bigelow: Insensibility during Surgical Operations Produced by Inhalation",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM184611180351601",
        "locator": "Retained catalogue source review: Original report identity and stated clinical subject; no full patient-level reassessment."
      }
    ],
    "roles": [
      {
        "who": "Henry Jacob Bigelow",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source contributor to this scoped work; individual labor shares are not measured."
      }
    ],
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:0da3e09b-e8ae-41ce-ac19-a758055f06fb",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:91025bbb3329d4a811dee5fb24c30ff6cc1368911b1dc63803e7970467b4045f"
    },
    "scientific_correctness_certified": false,
    "independent_expert_calibration": false,
    "method": "PROPRIETARY",
    "points": "250000"
  },
  "canonical_agent_submission": false,
  "scientific_verification_awarded": false,
  "reader_guide": null,
  "reading_status": "SOURCE_LINKED_NOTE"
}