{
  "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1",
  "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177",
  "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS",
  "entry": {
    "id": "einthoven-electrocardiogram-1903",
    "title": "Einthoven: galvanometric registration of the human electrocardiogram",
    "summary": "Reported string-galvanometer registration of the human electrocardiogram and compared it with capillary-electrometer recording, establishing a substantially improved physiological measurement method.",
    "boundary": "The record is the exact 1903 German paper. Waller’s earlier recordings, Einthoven’s 1901 galvanometer description and 1902 Dutch publication, later lead systems, diagnostic criteria and clinical deployment remain separate.",
    "area": "Cardiovascular and respiratory medicine",
    "year": 1903,
    "lane": "HUMAN",
    "result": "EMPIRICAL",
    "package_id": "einthoven-electrocardiogram-1903",
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:6be83d3e-43b7-4571-a980-f2a5c9159557",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:de508917399790a5c12aec9b1b6a71d4b86dafa5be77130bba79be29cc580194"
    },
    "humans": [
      "Willem Einthoven"
    ],
    "authors_complete": true,
    "human_role_note": "The named authors contributed to this scoped work; individual effort shares and later applications are not assigned by the byline.",
    "agents": [],
    "related": [],
    "subresults": [],
    "scientific_assessment": {
      "source_review": "SOURCE_CURATED",
      "scientific_review": "NOT_REVIEWED_BY_WRS",
      "formal_replay": "NOT_RUN",
      "provider_attestation": "NONE"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "ethw-einthoven-ecg-1903",
        "title": "Scanned Einthoven electrocardiogram paper",
        "url": "https://ethw.org/w/images/b/bb/Einthoven-1903_Die_galvanometrische_Registerung_des_menschlichen_Elektrokardiogram.pdf"
      },
      {
        "id": "crossref-einthoven-ecg-1903",
        "title": "Crossref record for Einthoven electrocardiogram paper",
        "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1007%2FBF01811855"
      }
    ],
    "geography": {
      "country_codes": [
        "NL"
      ],
      "location_basis": "Documented research locations or paper affiliations for this contribution. Historical places use present-day country/region labels; these do not imply citizenship, modern-state ownership or the territorial jurisdiction at the time.",
      "source_url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1924/einthoven/facts/",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:6be83d3e-43b7-4571-a980-f2a5c9159557",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:de508917399790a5c12aec9b1b6a71d4b86dafa5be77130bba79be29cc580194"
      },
      "basis": "RESEARCH_LOCATION_OR_PAPER_AFFILIATION",
      "reviewed_on": "2026-09-26",
      "nationality_inferred": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Attribution source",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1924/einthoven/facts/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Attribution source",
          "url": "https://www.lorentz.leidenuniv.nl/history/cold/EPN_46-2.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "coverage_status": "COMPLETE",
      "country_labels": {
        "NL": "Netherlands"
      }
    },
    "points": "170000",
    "published_grade": {
      "id": "einthoven-electrocardiogram-1903",
      "entry_id": "einthoven-electrocardiogram-1903",
      "band": "A",
      "modifier": "+",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:6be83d3e-43b7-4571-a980-f2a5c9159557",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:de508917399790a5c12aec9b1b6a71d4b86dafa5be77130bba79be29cc580194"
      },
      "what_changed": "Reported string-galvanometer registration of the human electrocardiogram and compared it with capillary-electrometer recording, establishing a substantially improved physiological measurement method.",
      "scope": "The record is the exact 1903 German paper. Waller’s earlier recordings, Einthoven’s 1901 galvanometer description and 1902 Dutch publication, later lead systems, diagnostic criteria and clinical deployment remain separate.",
      "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
      "scientific_correctness_certified": false
    },
    "assessment_disposition": {
      "status": "ASSESSED",
      "label": "Provisionally assessed",
      "reason": "A current grade and separate reference score identify this exact contribution.",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:6be83d3e-43b7-4571-a980-f2a5c9159557",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:de508917399790a5c12aec9b1b6a71d4b86dafa5be77130bba79be29cc580194"
      },
      "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177"
    }
  },
  "version": {
    "kind": "PUBLIC_RECORD_VIEW",
    "previous": null,
    "published_at": "2026-09-25T00:00:00Z",
    "publisher": {
      "principal_id": "urn:uuid:80116931-785b-40a2-a24b-9d59db0c7e33",
      "role": "WRS_EDITORIAL_PUBLICATION"
    },
    "record": {
      "contributors": [
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Willem Einthoven",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Scanned Einthoven electrocardiogram paper",
            "url": "https://ethw.org/w/images/b/bb/Einthoven-1903_Die_galvanometrische_Registerung_des_menschlichen_Elektrokardiogram.pdf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "evidence": [
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-0",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Scanned Einthoven electrocardiogram paper",
            "url": "https://ethw.org/w/images/b/bb/Einthoven-1903_Die_galvanometrische_Registerung_des_menschlichen_Elektrokardiogram.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-1",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Crossref record for Einthoven electrocardiogram paper",
            "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1007%2FBF01811855"
          }
        }
      ],
      "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY",
      "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1",
      "record_type": "research_note",
      "rrp_version": "0.1",
      "scope": {
        "description": "The record is the exact 1903 German paper. Waller’s earlier recordings, Einthoven’s 1901 galvanometer description and 1902 Dutch publication, later lead systems, diagnostic criteria and clinical deployment remain separate.",
        "domain": "Cardiovascular and respiratory medicine"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "Scanned Einthoven electrocardiogram paper",
          "url": "https://ethw.org/w/images/b/bb/Einthoven-1903_Die_galvanometrische_Registerung_des_menschlichen_Elektrokardiogram.pdf"
        },
        {
          "citation": "Crossref record for Einthoven electrocardiogram paper",
          "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1007%2FBF01811855"
        }
      ],
      "statement": "# Einthoven: galvanometric registration of the human electrocardiogram\n\nReported string-galvanometer registration of the human electrocardiogram and compared it with capillary-electrometer recording, establishing a substantially improved physiological measurement method.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe record is the exact 1903 German paper. Waller’s earlier recordings, Einthoven’s 1901 galvanometer description and 1902 Dutch publication, later lead systems, diagnostic criteria and clinical deployment remain separate.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nWillem Einthoven\n\nThe named authors contributed to this scoped work; individual effort shares and later applications are not assigned by the byline.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Scanned Einthoven electrocardiogram paper](https://ethw.org/w/images/b/bb/Einthoven-1903_Die_galvanometrische_Registerung_des_menschlichen_Elektrokardiogram.pdf)\n- [Crossref record for Einthoven electrocardiogram paper](https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1007%2FBF01811855)\n",
      "summary": "Reported string-galvanometer registration of the human electrocardiogram and compared it with capillary-electrometer recording, establishing a substantially improved physiological measurement method.",
      "title": "Einthoven: galvanometric registration of the human electrocardiogram"
    },
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:6be83d3e-43b7-4571-a980-f2a5c9159557",
    "version": 1,
    "source_ref": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:6be83d3e-43b7-4571-a980-f2a5c9159557",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:de508917399790a5c12aec9b1b6a71d4b86dafa5be77130bba79be29cc580194"
    },
    "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1",
    "public_view_hash": "sha256:5f108e7437aed3b5022a0d8fcf1036a1231c5b1397a3bf6183a0b7c5015e420b"
  },
  "target": {
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:6be83d3e-43b7-4571-a980-f2a5c9159557",
    "version": 1,
    "content_hash": "sha256:de508917399790a5c12aec9b1b6a71d4b86dafa5be77130bba79be29cc580194"
  },
  "published_grade": {
    "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1",
    "edition": "2026-10-28.1",
    "id": "einthoven-electrocardiogram-1903",
    "entry_id": "einthoven-electrocardiogram-1903",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "Einthoven: galvanometric registration of the human electrocardiogram",
    "context": "Cardiovascular and respiratory medicine",
    "track": "EMPIRICAL",
    "band": "A",
    "modifier": "+",
    "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
    "assessed_on": "2026-09-25",
    "evidence_cutoff": "2026-09-25",
    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "Reported string-galvanometer registration of the human electrocardiogram and compared it with capillary-electrometer recording, establishing a substantially improved physiological measurement method.",
    "scope": "The record is the exact 1903 German paper. Waller’s earlier recordings, Einthoven’s 1901 galvanometer description and 1902 Dutch publication, later lead systems, diagnostic criteria and clinical deployment remain separate.",
    "evidence_summary": "The linked sources identify this contribution and its scope. WRS has not independently reconstructed the scientific claims. The record is the exact 1903 German paper. Waller’s earlier recordings, Einthoven’s 1901 galvanometer description and 1902 Dutch publication, later lead systems, diagnostic criteria and clinical deployment remain separate.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "Scanned Einthoven electrocardiogram paper",
        "url": "https://ethw.org/w/images/b/bb/Einthoven-1903_Die_galvanometrische_Registerung_des_menschlichen_Elektrokardiogram.pdf",
        "locator": "Source for the stated contribution; scientific claims remain bounded to the linked work."
      },
      {
        "title": "Crossref record for Einthoven electrocardiogram paper",
        "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1007%2FBF01811855",
        "locator": "Source for the stated contribution; scientific claims remain bounded to the linked work."
      }
    ],
    "roles": [
      {
        "who": "Willem Einthoven",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured."
      }
    ],
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:6be83d3e-43b7-4571-a980-f2a5c9159557",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:de508917399790a5c12aec9b1b6a71d4b86dafa5be77130bba79be29cc580194"
    },
    "scientific_correctness_certified": false,
    "independent_expert_calibration": false,
    "method": "PROPRIETARY",
    "points": "170000"
  },
  "canonical_agent_submission": false,
  "scientific_verification_awarded": false,
  "reader_guide": null,
  "reading_status": "SOURCE_LINKED_NOTE"
}
