{
  "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1",
  "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177",
  "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS",
  "entry": {
    "id": "dirac-magnetic-pole-quantization-1931",
    "title": "Dirac: magnetic poles and charge quantization",
    "summary": "Dirac examined nonintegrable phases in quantum wavefunctions. Permitted magnetic singularities impose a quantization relation between electric charge and magnetic-pole strength.\n\nPhase consistency links a topological obstruction with discrete charge. The paper also discusses a new anti-electron interpretation, but this entry centers on the magnetic-pole argument rather than counting every passage as a separate achievement.",
    "boundary": "The argument permits quantized magnetic poles conditionally; it does not establish that monopoles exist, report their detection, or derive the numerical fine-structure constant.",
    "area": "Quantum theory",
    "topic": "Quantum theory",
    "year": 1931,
    "lane": "HUMAN",
    "result": "THEORY",
    "package_id": "dirac-magnetic-pole-quantization-1931",
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:d0e18ff9-3e71-4866-aff8-33b7b23b403d",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:f7417d72f3a774a2aa6f13a1870ae098aaa3298c92e4c03f5f8a2a2ae013bdba"
    },
    "humans": [
      "Paul A. M. Dirac"
    ],
    "authors_complete": true,
    "human_role_note": "Source-listed contributors to this scoped work. Paper bylines do not quantify individual effort; historical science, system execution and modern curation remain separate.",
    "agents": [],
    "related": [
      "dirac-electron"
    ],
    "subresults": [],
    "scientific_assessment": {
      "source_review": "SOURCE_CURATED",
      "scientific_review": "NOT_REVIEWED_BY_WRS",
      "formal_replay": "NOT_RUN",
      "provider_attestation": "NONE"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "pc26-dirac-magnetic-pole-quantization-1931",
        "title": "Quantised Singularities in the Electromagnetic Field (1931)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1931.0130"
      }
    ],
    "points": "210000",
    "published_grade": {
      "id": "dirac-magnetic-pole-quantization-1931",
      "entry_id": "dirac-magnetic-pole-quantization-1931",
      "band": "A",
      "modifier": null,
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:d0e18ff9-3e71-4866-aff8-33b7b23b403d",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:f7417d72f3a774a2aa6f13a1870ae098aaa3298c92e4c03f5f8a2a2ae013bdba"
      },
      "what_changed": "Nonintegrable phases and permitted magnetic singularities lead to a quantization relation between electric charge and magnetic-pole strength.",
      "scope": "Nonintegrable phases and permitted magnetic singularities lead to a quantization relation between electric charge and magnetic-pole strength. The argument permits quantized magnetic poles conditionally; it does not establish that monopoles exist, report their detection, or derive the numerical fine-structure constant.",
      "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
      "scientific_correctness_certified": false
    },
    "assessment_disposition": {
      "status": "ASSESSED",
      "label": "Provisionally assessed",
      "reason": "A current grade and separate reference score identify this exact contribution.",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:d0e18ff9-3e71-4866-aff8-33b7b23b403d",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:f7417d72f3a774a2aa6f13a1870ae098aaa3298c92e4c03f5f8a2a2ae013bdba"
      },
      "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177"
    }
  },
  "version": {
    "kind": "PUBLIC_RECORD_VIEW",
    "previous": null,
    "published_at": "2026-10-03T00:00:00Z",
    "publisher": {
      "principal_id": "urn:uuid:80116931-785b-40a2-a24b-9d59db0c7e33",
      "role": "WRS_EDITORIAL_PUBLICATION"
    },
    "record": {
      "contributors": [
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Paul A. M. Dirac",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Quantised Singularities in the Electromagnetic Field (1931)",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1931.0130"
          }
        }
      ],
      "evidence": [
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-0",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Quantised Singularities in the Electromagnetic Field (1931)",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1931.0130"
          }
        }
      ],
      "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY",
      "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1",
      "record_type": "research_note",
      "rrp_version": "0.1",
      "scope": {
        "description": "The argument permits quantized magnetic poles conditionally; it does not establish that monopoles exist, report their detection, or derive the numerical fine-structure constant.",
        "domain": "Quantum theory"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "Quantised Singularities in the Electromagnetic Field (1931)",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1931.0130"
        }
      ],
      "statement": "# Dirac: magnetic poles and charge quantization\n\nDirac examined nonintegrable phases in quantum wavefunctions. Permitted magnetic singularities impose a quantization relation between electric charge and magnetic-pole strength.\n\nPhase consistency links a topological obstruction with discrete charge. The paper also discusses a new anti-electron interpretation, but this entry centers on the magnetic-pole argument rather than counting every passage as a separate achievement.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe argument permits quantized magnetic poles conditionally; it does not establish that monopoles exist, report their detection, or derive the numerical fine-structure constant.\n\n## People and systems\n\nPaul A. M. Dirac\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Quantised Singularities in the Electromagnetic Field (1931)](https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1931.0130)\n",
      "summary": "Dirac examined nonintegrable phases in quantum wavefunctions. Permitted magnetic singularities impose a quantization relation between electric charge and magnetic-pole strength.\n\nPhase consistency links a topological obstruction with discrete charge. The paper also discusses a new anti-electron interpretation, but this entry centers on the magnetic-pole argument rather than counting every passage as a separate achievement.",
      "title": "Dirac: magnetic poles and charge quantization"
    },
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:d0e18ff9-3e71-4866-aff8-33b7b23b403d",
    "version": 1,
    "source_ref": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:d0e18ff9-3e71-4866-aff8-33b7b23b403d",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:f7417d72f3a774a2aa6f13a1870ae098aaa3298c92e4c03f5f8a2a2ae013bdba"
    },
    "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1",
    "public_view_hash": "sha256:6a8fd3aa6a8abc98c672ff9c9991e521baf54c0b877749851d7b7328384cddbc"
  },
  "target": {
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:d0e18ff9-3e71-4866-aff8-33b7b23b403d",
    "version": 1,
    "content_hash": "sha256:f7417d72f3a774a2aa6f13a1870ae098aaa3298c92e4c03f5f8a2a2ae013bdba"
  },
  "published_grade": {
    "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1",
    "edition": "2026-10-28.1",
    "id": "dirac-magnetic-pole-quantization-1931",
    "entry_id": "dirac-magnetic-pole-quantization-1931",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "Dirac: magnetic poles and charge quantization",
    "context": "Quantum theory",
    "track": "Quantum theory",
    "band": "A",
    "modifier": null,
    "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
    "assessed_on": "2026-10-03",
    "evidence_cutoff": "2026-10-03",
    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "Nonintegrable phases and permitted magnetic singularities lead to a quantization relation between electric charge and magnetic-pole strength.",
    "scope": "Nonintegrable phases and permitted magnetic singularities lead to a quantization relation between electric charge and magnetic-pole strength. The argument permits quantized magnetic poles conditionally; it does not establish that monopoles exist, report their detection, or derive the numerical fine-structure constant.",
    "evidence_summary": "Source-linked, scoped account of the original work. The published scope states the scientific assumptions and remaining verification limits. WRS has not independently certified the full proof, experimental result or system benchmark.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "Quantised Singularities in the Electromagnetic Field (1931)",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1931.0130",
        "locator": "Original linked work. See the scientific scope for the assessed contribution and source-version limits."
      }
    ],
    "roles": [
      {
        "who": "Paul A. M. Dirac",
        "did": "Original source-listed scientific author of this scoped work; byline does not determine effort fractions.",
        "credit": "SCIENCE"
      }
    ],
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:d0e18ff9-3e71-4866-aff8-33b7b23b403d",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:f7417d72f3a774a2aa6f13a1870ae098aaa3298c92e4c03f5f8a2a2ae013bdba"
    },
    "scientific_correctness_certified": false,
    "independent_expert_calibration": false,
    "method": "PROPRIETARY",
    "points": "210000"
  },
  "canonical_agent_submission": false,
  "scientific_verification_awarded": false,
  "reader_guide": null,
  "reading_status": "SOURCE_LINKED_NOTE"
}