{
  "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1",
  "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177",
  "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS",
  "entry": {
    "id": "dahl-nygaard-simula-1966",
    "title": "Dahl and Nygaard: SIMULA, an ALGOL-based simulation language",
    "summary": "Specified SIMULA as an ALGOL-based language for discrete-event simulation, including processes, event scheduling and quasi-parallel execution.",
    "boundary": "The record is the exact 1966 Communications of the ACM paper. Earlier SIMULA implementations, later SIMULA 67 class concepts, Smalltalk and the wider history of object-oriented programming remain separate.",
    "area": "Programming languages and compilers",
    "year": 1966,
    "lane": "HUMAN",
    "result": "FORMALIZATION",
    "package_id": "dahl-nygaard-simula-1966",
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:1773ddac-0af0-4b0e-a456-fc03446a7bb3",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:b7b07da9405560e6304591aa7c415fa6459f67e31c8918fd8e471d2efaffcdd8"
    },
    "humans": [
      "Ole-Johan Dahl",
      "Kristen Nygaard"
    ],
    "authors_complete": true,
    "human_role_note": "The named authors contributed to this scoped work; individual effort shares and later applications are not assigned by the byline.",
    "agents": [],
    "related": [],
    "subresults": [],
    "scientific_assessment": {
      "source_review": "SOURCE_CURATED",
      "scientific_review": "NOT_REVIEWED_BY_WRS",
      "formal_replay": "NOT_RUN",
      "provider_attestation": "NONE"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "queens-dahl-nygaard-simula-1966",
        "title": "Dahl and Nygaard, SIMULA paper copy",
        "url": "https://research.cs.queensu.ca/home/cordy/cisc860/Biblio/hurd/misc/dahl66.pdf"
      },
      {
        "id": "dblp-dahl-nygaard-simula-1966",
        "title": "DBLP record for SIMULA",
        "url": "https://dblp.org/rec/journals/cacm/DahlN66.html"
      }
    ],
    "geography": {
      "country_codes": [
        "NO"
      ],
      "location_basis": "Documented research locations or paper affiliations for this contribution. Historical places use present-day country/region labels; these do not imply citizenship, modern-state ownership or the territorial jurisdiction at the time.",
      "source_url": "https://www.cs.tufts.edu/comp/150FP/archive/kristen-nygaard/simula-cacm-1966.pdf",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:1773ddac-0af0-4b0e-a456-fc03446a7bb3",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:b7b07da9405560e6304591aa7c415fa6459f67e31c8918fd8e471d2efaffcdd8"
      },
      "basis": "RESEARCH_LOCATION_OR_PAPER_AFFILIATION",
      "reviewed_on": "2026-09-26",
      "nationality_inferred": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Attribution source",
          "url": "https://www.cs.tufts.edu/comp/150FP/archive/kristen-nygaard/simula-cacm-1966.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "coverage_status": "COMPLETE",
      "country_labels": {
        "NO": "Norway"
      }
    },
    "points": "115000",
    "published_grade": {
      "id": "dahl-nygaard-simula-1966",
      "entry_id": "dahl-nygaard-simula-1966",
      "band": "A",
      "modifier": null,
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:1773ddac-0af0-4b0e-a456-fc03446a7bb3",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:b7b07da9405560e6304591aa7c415fa6459f67e31c8918fd8e471d2efaffcdd8"
      },
      "what_changed": "Specified SIMULA as an ALGOL-based language for discrete-event simulation, including processes, event scheduling and quasi-parallel execution.",
      "scope": "The record is the exact 1966 Communications of the ACM paper. Earlier SIMULA implementations, later SIMULA 67 class concepts, Smalltalk and the wider history of object-oriented programming remain separate.",
      "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
      "scientific_correctness_certified": false
    },
    "assessment_disposition": {
      "status": "ASSESSED",
      "label": "Provisionally assessed",
      "reason": "A current grade and separate reference score identify this exact contribution.",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:1773ddac-0af0-4b0e-a456-fc03446a7bb3",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:b7b07da9405560e6304591aa7c415fa6459f67e31c8918fd8e471d2efaffcdd8"
      },
      "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177"
    }
  },
  "version": {
    "kind": "PUBLIC_RECORD_VIEW",
    "previous": null,
    "published_at": "2026-09-25T00:00:00Z",
    "publisher": {
      "principal_id": "urn:uuid:80116931-785b-40a2-a24b-9d59db0c7e33",
      "role": "WRS_EDITORIAL_PUBLICATION"
    },
    "record": {
      "contributors": [
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Ole-Johan Dahl",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formalizer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Dahl and Nygaard, SIMULA paper copy",
            "url": "https://research.cs.queensu.ca/home/cordy/cisc860/Biblio/hurd/misc/dahl66.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Kristen Nygaard",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formalizer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Dahl and Nygaard, SIMULA paper copy",
            "url": "https://research.cs.queensu.ca/home/cordy/cisc860/Biblio/hurd/misc/dahl66.pdf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "evidence": [
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-0",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Dahl and Nygaard, SIMULA paper copy",
            "url": "https://research.cs.queensu.ca/home/cordy/cisc860/Biblio/hurd/misc/dahl66.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-1",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "DBLP record for SIMULA",
            "url": "https://dblp.org/rec/journals/cacm/DahlN66.html"
          }
        }
      ],
      "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY",
      "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1",
      "record_type": "research_note",
      "rrp_version": "0.1",
      "scope": {
        "description": "The record is the exact 1966 Communications of the ACM paper. Earlier SIMULA implementations, later SIMULA 67 class concepts, Smalltalk and the wider history of object-oriented programming remain separate.",
        "domain": "Programming languages and compilers"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "Dahl and Nygaard, SIMULA paper copy",
          "url": "https://research.cs.queensu.ca/home/cordy/cisc860/Biblio/hurd/misc/dahl66.pdf"
        },
        {
          "citation": "DBLP record for SIMULA",
          "url": "https://dblp.org/rec/journals/cacm/DahlN66.html"
        }
      ],
      "statement": "# Dahl and Nygaard: SIMULA, an ALGOL-based simulation language\n\nSpecified SIMULA as an ALGOL-based language for discrete-event simulation, including processes, event scheduling and quasi-parallel execution.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe record is the exact 1966 Communications of the ACM paper. Earlier SIMULA implementations, later SIMULA 67 class concepts, Smalltalk and the wider history of object-oriented programming remain separate.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nOle-Johan Dahl; Kristen Nygaard\n\nThe named authors contributed to this scoped work; individual effort shares and later applications are not assigned by the byline.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Dahl and Nygaard, SIMULA paper copy](https://research.cs.queensu.ca/home/cordy/cisc860/Biblio/hurd/misc/dahl66.pdf)\n- [DBLP record for SIMULA](https://dblp.org/rec/journals/cacm/DahlN66.html)\n",
      "summary": "Specified SIMULA as an ALGOL-based language for discrete-event simulation, including processes, event scheduling and quasi-parallel execution.",
      "title": "Dahl and Nygaard: SIMULA, an ALGOL-based simulation language"
    },
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:1773ddac-0af0-4b0e-a456-fc03446a7bb3",
    "version": 1,
    "source_ref": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:1773ddac-0af0-4b0e-a456-fc03446a7bb3",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:b7b07da9405560e6304591aa7c415fa6459f67e31c8918fd8e471d2efaffcdd8"
    },
    "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1",
    "public_view_hash": "sha256:68c271e394716d9d4a6d9397f0937dcab7268b4bfdc800847aa2e82653b3794b"
  },
  "target": {
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:1773ddac-0af0-4b0e-a456-fc03446a7bb3",
    "version": 1,
    "content_hash": "sha256:b7b07da9405560e6304591aa7c415fa6459f67e31c8918fd8e471d2efaffcdd8"
  },
  "published_grade": {
    "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1",
    "edition": "2026-10-28.1",
    "id": "dahl-nygaard-simula-1966",
    "entry_id": "dahl-nygaard-simula-1966",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "Dahl and Nygaard: SIMULA, an ALGOL-based simulation language",
    "context": "Programming languages and compilers",
    "track": "FORMALIZATION",
    "band": "A",
    "modifier": null,
    "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
    "assessed_on": "2026-09-25",
    "evidence_cutoff": "2026-09-25",
    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "Specified SIMULA as an ALGOL-based language for discrete-event simulation, including processes, event scheduling and quasi-parallel execution.",
    "scope": "The record is the exact 1966 Communications of the ACM paper. Earlier SIMULA implementations, later SIMULA 67 class concepts, Smalltalk and the wider history of object-oriented programming remain separate.",
    "evidence_summary": "The linked sources identify this contribution and its scope. WRS has not independently reconstructed the scientific claims. The record is the exact 1966 Communications of the ACM paper. Earlier SIMULA implementations, later SIMULA 67 class concepts, Smalltalk and the wider history of object-oriented programming remain separate.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "Dahl and Nygaard, SIMULA paper copy",
        "url": "https://research.cs.queensu.ca/home/cordy/cisc860/Biblio/hurd/misc/dahl66.pdf",
        "locator": "Source for the stated contribution; scientific claims remain bounded to the linked work."
      },
      {
        "title": "DBLP record for SIMULA",
        "url": "https://dblp.org/rec/journals/cacm/DahlN66.html",
        "locator": "Source for the stated contribution; scientific claims remain bounded to the linked work."
      }
    ],
    "roles": [
      {
        "who": "Ole-Johan Dahl",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured."
      },
      {
        "who": "Kristen Nygaard",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source author of the scoped work; individual effort shares are not measured."
      }
    ],
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:1773ddac-0af0-4b0e-a456-fc03446a7bb3",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:b7b07da9405560e6304591aa7c415fa6459f67e31c8918fd8e471d2efaffcdd8"
    },
    "scientific_correctness_certified": false,
    "independent_expert_calibration": false,
    "method": "PROPRIETARY",
    "points": "115000"
  },
  "canonical_agent_submission": false,
  "scientific_verification_awarded": false,
  "reader_guide": null,
  "reading_status": "SOURCE_LINKED_NOTE"
}
